(GIST OF SCIENCE REPORTER) Semaglutide

(JUNE-2025)

Semaglutide

Context:

Semaglutide, marketed under brand names such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus, has garnered significant attention in India for its dual efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes and promoting weight loss.

Key highlights: about Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist.
It mimics the action of the natural hormone GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite.
These combined effects contribute to improved blood sugar control and weight reduction.
Clinical Efficacy: Clinical trials have demonstrated that semaglutide significantly lowers HbA1c levels and facilitates substantial weight loss. In some studies, patients experienced up to a 15% reduction in body weight, marking a notable advancement in obesity treatment.

Administration

Ozempic: Administered via subcutaneous injection, primarily for type 2 diabetes management.
Wegovy: A higher-dose injectable formulation approved for chronic weight management.
Rybelsus: An oral tablet form, offering an alternative to injections for diabetes treatment.

Relevance

Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Obesity: India faces a growing burden of type 2 diabetes and obesity, often referred to as “diabesity.” The dual action of semaglutide addresses both conditions simultaneously, offering a comprehensive therapeutic approach.
Cardiovascular Benefits: Beyond glycemic control and weight loss, semaglutide has been associated with a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, which are prevalent complications among Indian diabetic patients.
Patient Compliance: The availability of both injectable and oral formulations enhances patient adherence to treatment regimens, catering to individual preferences and improving overall outcomes.

Potential Side Effects and Considerations

Gastrointestinal Issues: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. These symptoms are typically transient and may subside with continued use.

Rare but Serious Risks:

Pancreatitis: Cases of inflammation of the pancreas have been reported, necessitating prompt medical attention if symptoms arise.
Thyroid Tumors: Animal studies have indicated a potential risk of thyroid C-cell tumors, though human data is inconclusive.
Vision Changes: Instances of diabetic retinopathy complications have been observed, warranting regular eye examinations.