(Syllabus) WBPSC: CIVIL SERVICE (EXECUTIVE) ETC. EXAMINATION

v)       Jati Milan                                                        Page - 93

vi)      Kolkata renah bharak                                      Page - 155

vii)     Bah julung                                                      Page - 151

(All from ‘Aldaha anarhe’)

viii)    Jamsimbinti                                                    Page - 204

ix)      Dharti Dhasao                                                 Page - 208

x)      Manmi Reah Bad Borket                                   Page - 283 - 304 (Jat hating)

(All from Lita Godet)

2.       (HORKOREN MARE HAPRAM KOREYAH KATHA) Rev. L. O. Skrefsud:

i)        AAD KHON MANOA REAH BIBORAN - Page - 1-19

ii)       DHARAM AAR SERWOA - Page - 203-249

3.       Kherwal Bansha Dharam Puthi - Rajhi Ramdas Tudu (Reska) Karmu ar kharmu reyah - Karambinti Galmarao - Page - 68-102

4.       Sansar Phend -  A Drama by Sadhuram Chand Murmu

5.       Bidu Chandan -  A Drama by Pandit Raghunath Murmu

6.       Sidu Kanu Santal Hool - A Drama by Pandit Raghunath Murmu

7.       The Jamsim Binti By Nayke Mongal Ch. Saren

Section - B

8.       Pandit Raghunath Murmu (Biography) By Ramchanda Murmu

9.       Santal Folk Tales (Collected) Vol-I By P. O. Bodding

10.     a)      SAOHEND MOHANK - A collection of selected Essays By Subodh Hansda and Debdulal Murmu

b)      AYO AARANG TE OLOH - Pandit Raghunath Murmu

c)       SANTARI PARSI AARSAOHET - Sarada Prasad Kisku

d)      SANTARI TULAJAKHA SAOHET - Gomosta Prasad Saren

11.     a)      SAI SERMA RENAH ANORHE - A collection of Santali Poems of 100 year with

Bengali Translation

b)      NIDA YUNTA - Sarada Prasad Kisku

c)       DHARAM GE SARIYA - Mondal Hembram d)      MAYAJAL - Narayan Saren (Tore Sutaru)

12.     MIT GEL HOR KAHNI SALAH MIT SAI MIT KAHNI - A collection of Ten Santali Folk Tales and 101 short stories.

13.     ‘Paschimbangla’ (Sadhu Ramchand Murmu Memorial Edition - Govt. of West Bengal).

14.     Saotal Bidraher 150 Bochhor - ‘Paschimbanga’ special issue.

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE :

Paper – I :

(a) Theories of Literature : Dates terms and Concepts.

(b) Literature of the Ancient World; (i) Indian, (ii) Western

(c) Bangla Sahitya : 1 (Baishnab Padabali theke Bankimchandra) (d) Bangla Sahitya : 2 (Rabindranath o Uttorkaal)

(e) Bengali Literature in Translation

(f) Indian Literature other than Bengali in Translation

Paper – II :

Western Literature -

(a) 800 – 1400 A.D. (including Song of Ronald, Tristan and representative writings of Troubadour Minnesang, Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio and Chaucer).

(b) 1400 – 1616 A.D. (including representative writings of Villon, Ronsard, Spencer, Machiavelli, Rableis, Montaigne and Shakespeare).

(c) 1616 – 1749 A.D. (including representative writings of Moliere, Racine, Swift, Voltaire and Defoe).

(d) 1749 – 1832 A.D. (including representative writings of Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats, Scott, Rene, Lamartine, Vigny, Hugo and Musset).

(e) 1832 – 1910 A.D. (including representative writings of Whitman, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Laforgue, lbsen, Balzac, Tolstoy, Maupassant and Chekhov).

(f) 1910 to the Present times (including representative writings of Yeats, Eliot, Frost, Rilke, Mayakovsky, Eluard, Neruda, Hervert, Kafka, Marquez and lonesco).

AGRICULTURE :

Paper – I :

Agro-ecological factors- plant growth and distribution. Distribution of crops according to region. Role of climate and weather of crop production, weather forecasting including modern methods. Greenhouse effect and global warming. Precision farming- Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information system (GIS).

Cropping pattern and cropping system-distribution, objectives, types and impact on high yielding

varieties, scope and limitations.

Package and practices of cereals (rice, wheat, maize), pulses (green gram, black gram, red gram, lentil and peas), oil seeds (mustard, sesamum, ground nut, linseed, sunflower); fibre crops (Jute, sunhemp, mesta); sugarcane and forage crops (Sorghum, napier, para, berseem, Lucerne, ricebean, cowpea, oat, dinanath grass).

Weeds- definition, characteristics, dessimination and control.

Agroforestry-Definition of forest, scope of various types of forest - social forest, rural forest, urban forest, farm forestry; forest products. Aforestation. Conservation.

Soil- definition, process and factors of soil formation, soil properties and soil conservation. Soilfertility - problems of soil and their reclamation.

Nutrition- essential elements, role of nutrients on plants, integrated nutrient management and

biofertilizers.

Water use efficiency and dryland farming- water use efficiency in relation to crops production. Criteria for scheduling irrigation. Methods and systems of irrigation. Rainwater harvesting.

Dryland farming - definition, prospects and problems. Techniques for establishment and management. Farm management - scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning, farm budgeting and farm operations.

Agro-economics - function and crop insurance.

Agril-extension - importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programme. Role of KVK in technology transfer. Role and scope of Information Technology in Indian Agriculture. Livelihood management through agriculture (Self Help Group in agriculture).

Marketing - its channels, pricing, marketing intelligence, storage with special references to cold storage and wirehouse. Distribution- public distribution system.

Paper – II :

Crop improvement- Cell structure and functions, law of heredity, chromosome structure and aberrations, polyploidy. Mutation breeding.

History of plant breeding. Mode of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Crop genetic resources - conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding. Breeding methods. Heterosis,somatic hybridization. Molecular markers, DNA finger printing and genetically modified crops.

Principles of plant physiology; absorption, translocation, photosynthesis and respiration (definition, process, factors affecting and significance). Growth and development, photoperiodism, plant growth substances (definition, classification and role).Stress-physiology.

Seed production, testing, certification and storage.

Cultivation practices of major commercial fruits, vegetables, flowers, plantation and spices, medicinal and aromatic crops. Landscaping- principles, features and designs. Postharvest technology. Protected cultivation of horticultural crops.

Pests and diseases of commercially important fruit, vegetables, flowers, plantation & spices, medicinal and aromatic crops. IPM.

Food and nutrient security. Scope for export of agricultural products.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE :

Paper – I :

1.          ANIMAL NUTRITION

1.1        Livestock Feeds : Common feeds and fodder and their classification. Proximate analysis of feed stuff.

1.2        Energy Nutrition : Energy sources, Measures of food energy and their application such as Gross Energy, Digestible Energy, Metabolisable Energy, Net Energy, Total Digestible Nutrients. Energy requirement for maintenance, growth, pregnancy and  lactation in milk producing livestock.

1.3        Protein Nutrition: Biological value of protein, Protein efficiency ratio,    digestible crude protein. Use of NPN in ruminants, bypass protein. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy and lactation in milk producing livestock. Improvement of poor quality roughages.

1.4       Mineral and Vitamin Nutrition :        Major  and   trace   minerals,  their   sources,  physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Role of vitamins, their sources and deficiency symptoms.

6.          EXTENSION EDUCATION

6.1    Concept of Sociology   :   Man and animal relationship, Society, Community, Association and Institution. Social groups, its types and function.

6.2       Principles of Extension  :  Basic philosophy, objective and concept.  Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural condition, generation of technology, its transfer and feedback.  Animal Husbandry Programmes for rural development.

Paper – II :

1.         VETERINARY ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

(i)       VETERINARY ANATOMY

Osteology, arthrology and myology: Classification, physical properties and structure of long bones, joints and muscle. Study of skeleton of Pectoral, Pelvic gardles, Skull and vertebral bones of ox/buffaloes.

Splanchology : Gross morphology and topography of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity.

Neurology and asthesiology : Basic structural organization of nervous system (CNS, PNS, ANS), Eye and ear.

Anatomy of fowl : Parts of female reproductive tracts of fowl and their role in egg formation. Organs of digestive system.

(ii)         PHYSIOLOGY

Blood  :  Constituents  of  blood,  blood  cell  formation,  haemoglobin  synthesis,  coagulation  of  blood, hemorrhagic, disorders, anticoagulants. Biochemical tests for assessing liver and kidney function.

Circulatory  System  :  Haemodynamics  of  circulation,  physiology  of  heart  function,  Cardiac  Cycle, regulation of cardiac output, coronary circulation and ECG, blood pressure and hypertension, osmotic regulation, shock.

Excretion : Structure and function of nephron, formation of urine. Regulation of    electrolyte and acid-base balance, sweat glands and their function.

Respiration: Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases in lungs and tissues. Neural control of respiration and hypoxia.

Environmental Physiology :   Climate change, climatological variables and their importance in animal ecology and behaviour. Effect of environmental stress on health and production.

Physiology of Milk Production :  Hormonal control of mammary growth, lactogenesis and galactopoiesis. Letting down and holding up of milk.

(iii)    BIOCHEMISTRY

Biochemistry of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, enzymes, co-enzymes, co-factors and their role in metabolism; Biochemistry of blood and body fluids.

2.      PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

Pharmacology :  Principles of  drug  activity  such as  pharmacokinetics and  pharmacodynamics. Concept of drug and receptor. Does response relationship. Adverse drug reaction, drug interaction. Biopharmaceuticals and  gene  therapy  Antimicrobials,  antifungal  and principles  of  chemotherapy  in microbial infections.

Toxicology : Fundamentals and scope of toxicology. Toxicity due to insecticides, organo phosphates, heavy metals, non-metals, micotoxins and their ameliorative measures. Toxic plants.

3.     BASIC VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

Microbiology: Marphology and classification, cultivation and identification of microbes   related to animal diseases. Transmission of infections, sterilization and disinfactants.

Pathology: Pathogenesis and Pathognomic lesions in important microbial diseases of livestock.

Parasitology: Morphology and pathogenesis of important helminthic and protozoal diseases in livestock like ascariasis, facioliasis, Trypanosomiasis etc.

4.        ANIMAL DISEASES:

Infectious diseases : Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and control of important bacterial, protozoal and viral diseases of domestic livestock and poultry, such as Anthrax, HS, BQ, Brucellosis, FMD, Hog Cholera, PPR, Goat Pox, Rabies, RD, IBD, Trypanosomiasis, Babesiosis, Coccidiosis etc.

Production/metabolic diseases : Etiology, symptoms, treatment and control of important metabolic diseases such as  milk  fever, ketosis, pregnancy toxaemia, hypomagnesemia of domestic animals.

Systemic states and diseases : Fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia, toxaemia, septicaemia, bloat, impaction, diarrhoea, dehydration and snake bite.

Herd health Management : Herd immunity, disease free zones, chemotherapeutics and chemoprophylaxis for herd health. Vaccination and deworming schedule of livestock and poultry.

Surgical intervention : Diagnosis and surgical intervention in fracture, hernia, choking, ruminotomy, castration and Caesarian section.

5.       VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

Epidemiology : Principles and applications of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and their control. National and international regulations on livestock diseases.

Zoonoses : Socio-economic importance of zoonotic diseases. Role of animals in transmission of zoonotic diseases. Occupational zoonotic diseases.

Animal Welfare and Jurisprudence : Role of veterinarian in animal welfare. Animal Welfare Board of India. Role and function of Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and Supervising Experiments in Animals (CPCSEA), Common offences against animals. Examination of living and dead animals in criminal cases.

6.   WILD / ZOO / LAB ANIMAL HEALTH CARE

Method of handling and restrant of Wild animals. Conservation of wild life. Management and feeding practice and housing of Wild, Zoo and Laboratory animals.

ANTHROPOLOGY :

Paper – I :

1.          Introducing anthropology: Meaning and scope of anthropology.

Major branches of anthropology:

1.1 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance :

(a) Social-cultural Anthropology,

(b) Biological Anthropology,

(c) Archaeological Anthropology,

(d) Linguistic Anthropology.

1.2        Brief outline of the growth of anthropology. Enlightenment. Colonialism and anthropology.

2.          Human evolution and Hominization process :

2.1       Theories of organic evolution. Human evolution and emergence of Man :

(a)  Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution,

(b)  Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian),

(c)  Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology.

2.2        Neutral theory of molecular evolution.

2.3        Concept of evolutionary biology: Skeletal changes, (skull, vertebral column, pelvic girdle, hind limb).

2.4        Characteristics of primates, Primate classification (general), Features and distribution of New World Monkey, Old World Monkey, Asian and African Apes.

2.5        Theories of human origin.

2.6        Geological time scale with special reference to Pleistocene epoch.

2.7                  Distribution, characteristics and phylogenetic status :

(a)         Parapithecus

(b)         Dryopithecus, Sivapithecus

(c)         Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis

(d)         Homo erectus (Java Man, Peking Man) (e)         Archaic Homo sapiens

(f)         Neanderthal Man – La-chapelle-Aux-Saints, Tabun Man

(g)         Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens – Cromagnon, Grimaldi, Chancelade

3.          Human Genetics :

3.1        Methods – Mendelism, Twin-study, Cytogenetics, Population genetics.

3.2        Biological basis of inheritance: DNA structure and replication, Restriction Fragment   Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Variable Number of Tandem Repeat(s) (VNTRs), Short Tandem Repeat(s) (STRs) protein synthesis, gene, allele, cell division.

3.3        Concept  of  Human  Genome  :  nuclear  genome,  mitochondrial  genome,  Chromosome  and chromosomal aberrations in man (Numerical and structural aberrations, point mutation), Satellite DNA.

3.4        Patterns   of   inheritance   –   autosomal,   sex-chromosomal,   multifactorial,   polygenic,   sex determination, sex influenced.

12.1      Concept and approaches.

12.2      Major  ways  of  subsistence  –  Hunting-gathering,  Pastoralism,  Horticulture  and  Settled Agriculture.

12.3      Production,  Distribution  (Reciprocity,  Market  exchange,  Re-distribution),  Consumption,  Gift exchange.

12.4      Peasant.

13.        Political anthropology :

13.1      Definition and approach.

13.2      Power, authority, social control, law, social sanction, governance.

13.3      Concepts of Band, Tribe, Chiefdom and State.

13.4      Political movement - Approaches of study, Types of socio-political movements (Revitalization, Messianic, Social solidarity, regional and Ethnic).

13.5      Ethnicity – Definition, concept of ethnic boundary.

14.        Anthropology of religion :

14.1      Definition of religion, functions of religion.

14.2      Approaches to the study of religion (intellectual, psychological, functional, interpretative).

14.3      Concepts: Myth, magic, witchcraft, sorcery, taboo, totem, divination, rituals, symbolism in religion.

14.4      Religious specialists – shaman, witch-doctor, priest.

15.        Social stratification :

15.1      Definition and features.

15.2      Theories/approaches.

15.3      Types – Caste and class.

15.4      Concepts: Status, role, age-set/age-grade, social mobility.

16.        Ecological anthropology :

16.1      Definition, scope and approaches/methods of ecological anthropology.

16.2      Concept of culture ecology.

17.        Emerging fields of social-cultural anthropology :

17.1      Development anthropology – Definition and scope, development, globalization.

17.2      Legal anthropology and Human Rights.

17.3      Anthropology of communication – visual anthropology, mass media, popular culture.

17.4      Anthropology of gender.

18.        Basic methods of data collection and interpretation :

18.1      Qualitative and quantitative approaches, ethnography, fieldwork.

18.2      Basic  methods/techniques  of  data  collection  –  observation  (special  reference  participant observation), interview, case study, schedule, questionnaire, genealogy, PRA and RRA.

18.3      Application of statistical principles – Descriptive statistics – central tendency (mean, median, mode), standard deviation, standard error, Testing of hypothesis: t-test, chi-square test.

Paper – II :

1.          History and Development of Anthropology in India :

1.1        Colonialism and Anthropology in India.

1.2        Phases of development and major trends of Anthropology in India.

8.6        Tribal movement (Nature and distribution), Emergence of Ethnicity, Issues of Identity, Tribe and Nation-State, Indian National Movement and Indian tribes, Regionalism, Jharkhand movement, Santal movement.

9.          Anthropology of development:

9.1        Critique,  approaches,  issues  of  women  development,  cultural  factors  of   development, displacement and rehabitation, sustainable development, alternative to development.

9.2        Role of NGO in development.

9.3        Role of nthropology in development.

10.        Emerging issues in Indian Anthropology:

10.1      Human Rights and advocacy of anthropology in the contexts of women, children, health and education.

10.2      Social-cultural dimensions of health: Bio-medical, medical anthropology and ethno medicine.

10.3      Issues in context: Sect, Cult, Religions pluralism in India, Visual image and Indian society, Public

Culture in India, Refugee, Civil Society, Violence, Traditional Knowledge.

BOTANY :

Paper – I :

Microbiology:

Plant virus- types - TMV- Physicochemical characteristics and Multiplication, One step growth curve, Lytic cycle (T4  phage) and Lysogenic cycle (Lambda phage), Significance of lysogeny, Viroids and Prions. Bacteria - Distinguishing features of Archaea and Bacteria, Flagella (ultrastructure) and Pilli, wall  – chemical structure and differences between Gram +ve & Gram –ve bacteria, Bacterial genome and plasmid, Endospore – formation, structure and function. Genetic Recombination (Transformation, Transduction & Conjugation) Application in Medicine and Industry.

Plant Pathology:

Terms and Definitions:  Disease concept, Symptoms, Etiology and causal complex, Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic and Sporadic diseases, Disease triangle, Disease cycle (monocyclic, polycyclic and polyetic) with special reference to Late Blight of Potato, Brown Spot of Rice and Citrus Canker. Host – Parasite Interaction.   Pathotoxin (Definition, criteria and example), Phytoalexin, Resistance. Plant Disease Management- Symptoms, Causal organism, Disease cycle and Control measures.

Cryptogams:

ALGAE:

General account. Ultrastructure of cell. Diatom:   Cell structure, Cell division, Auxospore formation in Centrales and  Pennales. Economic Importance: Food, Phycocolloid (Agar-agar, Algin, Carrageenan), Diatomite, Algal Biotechnology – potential of microalgae for SCP, β-carotene, Biofertilizer, Biodiesel; Principles of mass cultivation of microalgae; Algal toxins.

FUNGI & LICHEN: General Account: Hyphal forms, Fungal spore forms and mode of liberation, Sexual reproduction and degeneration of sex, Homothallism and heterothallism, Life cycle patterns, Anamorphic fungi and parasexuality, Mycotoxins with emphasis on aflatoxin. Mycorrhiza: Role in Agriculture & Forestry.

Fungal Biotechnology: Mushroom, Cheese and  Ethanol-  Industrial production (brief outline), Fungal sources and uses of Mycoprotein, Enzyme (Cellulase), Amino acid (Tryptophan), Vitamin (Riboflavin), Antibiotic( Griseofulvin), Pharmaceuticals (Cyclosporin-A).

Lichen : Types, Reproduction , Economic and ecological importance.

BRYPOPHYTES :

General Account and Origin of Alternation of Generations (Homologous and Antithetic theory), Evolution of Sporophytes (Progressive and Regressive concept).

Importance: Role of bryophytes in Plant succession and Pollution Monitoring.

PTERIDOPHYTES:

General Account: Colonisation and rise of early land plants.

Fossil Pteridophytes: Structural features, Geological distribution and Evolutionary significance. Telome concept and its significance in the origin of different groups of Pteridophytes. Heterospory and Origin of Seed habit.

Economic importance as food, medicine and Agriculture.

Palaeobotany & alynology:

Plant Fossil: Types, Different modes of preservation, Nomenclature and Reconstruction, Importance of fossil study.

Geological time scale with dominant plant groups  through ages.

Palynology: Pollen aperture types, NPC classification (Erdtman). Pollen wall- Sporopollenin, Stratification and  Ornamentation (sculpturing), Applied Palynology:- Palaeopalynology,.Aeropalynology ,    Forensic palynology, Melissopalynology.

Phanerogams:

GYMNOSPERMS : Progymnosperms: Phylogenetic importance.

Fossil  gymnosperms:  Structural  features  of  Cycas,  Pinus,  Lyginopteris,  Williumsonia  oldhamia  and

Geological distribution of reconstructed genera.

Economic Importance of fossils with reference to Wood, Resins, Essential oils, and Drugs.

MORPHOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS:

Inflorescence types with examples. Flower: Corolla- forms, aestivation; Stamen- types; Placentation- types; Ovule - structure and forms. Fruit - types with examples.

TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS:

Components of Systematics: Nomenclature, Identification, Classification; Taxonomy and its phases - Pioneer, Consolidation , Biosystematic and Encyclopaedic ; alpha- and omega- taxomony .

Nomenclature: Herbaria and Botanical Gardens – their role; important Indian Herbaria and Botanical Gardens; Dichotomous keys – indented and bracketed, Phenetics. Brief idea on Phenetics, Numerical taxonomy; Cladistics; Monophyletic, polyphyletic and paraphyletic groups; Plesiomorphy and apomorphy. Data sources in Taxonomy: Supportive evidences from: Phytochemistry, Cytology and Anatomy. Diagnostic features, Systematic position of Economically important plants (parts and uses) with special reference to the families Poaceae, Orchidaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Malvaceae.

Embryology:

Pre-fertilisation changes:    Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis, Megasporogenesis. Post- fertilization changes. Embryogenesis and Development of Endosperm, Apomixis,  Apospory and Apogamy, Polyembryony.

Anatomy:

Ultrastructure and chemical composition of cell wall. Stomata: Types, Ontogeny of Trachea and Sieve- tube. Stele: Stelar types & evolution/ Secondary growth with special reference to the abnormal growth in Dracaena, Boerhaavia and Bignonia. Mechanical tissues and the Pinciples governing their distribution in plants.

Organisation of shoot apex (Tunica–Corpus) and Root apex (Korper-Kappe), Adaptive anatomical features

of Hydrophytes and Xerophytes.

Ecology:

Habitat and Niche, Ecotone and edge–effect, Carrying capacity.

Community  ecology:  Community-  Characteristics and  diversity,  Ecological  succession  –Primary  and secondary, Seral stages (with reference to Hydrosere), autogenic and allogenic succession.

Plant indicators (metallophytes); Phytoremediation. Conservation of Biodiversity (In-situ & Ex-situ).

Plant Geography:

Phytogeographical regions; Endemism; Endemic types and Factors; Age & Area hypothesis and Epibiotic theory; Endemism in Indian flora with special emphasis on Sunderban and Eastern Himalayas.

Paper – II :

Cell & Molecular Biology

CELL BIOLOGY: Cell and its types (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), structure and functions of the major cell organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, microbodies), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), significance of cell division, Cell cycle, structure of a typical chromosome, nucleosome model of chromosome, chromosomal aberrations (deletion, duplication, translocation and inversion), Concept of RNA world.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Chemical structure and nature of the nucleic acids, concept of gene, replication of DNA, concept of genomic DNA and cDNA, split genes, overlapping genes, oncogenes, genetic code, protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, central dogma, basic of recombinant DNA technology (restriction enzymes, vectors, molecular cloning, application of R DNA technology and its social ethics).

Genetics, Plant Breeding, Biometry & Evolution Biology:

GENETICS: Mendelian principles (Mendel’s monohybrid and dihybrid experiments and laws), concept of linkage and crossing over, polyploidy, multiple alleles, point mutation, sex-linked inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance and basic population genetics.

PLANT BREEDING:    Objective of  plant breeding, methods of  propagation in  relation to  breeding methods, methods of plant breeding (selection, hybridization, concept and causes of heterosis). Maintenance of germplasm, Heterosis and hybrid seed production, Molecular Breeding (use of DNA markers in plant breeding). Maintenance of germplasm, Mass selection and pure line selection, Heterosis and hybrid seed production, Molecular Breeding (use of DNA markers in plant breeding).

BIOMETRY:  Random sampling, Frequency distribution, Central tendency– Arithmetic Mean, Mode and

Median, Measurement of dispersion – Standard Deviation, Standard error of Mean, Test of significance:

‘t’- test; chi square test for goodness of fit.   Probability, Measurement of gene frequency (Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium). Overview of Bioinformatics, nature of biological data, literature databases (searching and downloading), introduction and overview of biological databases, nucleic acid sequence databases, GenBank, Protein sequence databases, introduction to BLAST series.

EVOLUTION BIOLOGY: Concept of  biological evolution, evidence of organic evolution (taxonomic, geological, morphological and anatomical); Lamarckism, Darwinism and mutation theories of de Vries.

Physiology and Biochemistry:

Plant-water relations, Stomatal physiology-mechanism of opening and closing, Organic Translocation Photosynthesis, Photochemical reaction centres, Cyclic and noncyclic electron transport, Water splitting mechanism, photophosphorylation, Z-scheme, Calvin cycle – Biochemical reactions and stoichiometry, Photosynthetic efficiency of C3  and C4  plants and crop productivity, Photorespiration, Crassulacean acid metabolism. Respiration- EMP pathway, TCA cycle, ETS and oxidative phosphorylation, Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and its significance, ß-oxidation of fatty acids and significance. Nitrogen Metabolism (symbiotic and non-symbiotic), structure and function of di-nitrogenase complex, ETS of di-nitrogenase, basic concept of nif and nod genes. Plant Growth Regulators (Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Ethylene and Abscisic Acid). Photoperiodism and plant types, Phytochrome, Vernalisation, Concept of biological clock and biorhythm. Seed dormancy, Physiology of Senescence and Ageing. Stress Physiology.

Biochemistry as the molecular logic of living organisms, axioms of living organisms, the major compounds of living beings;  pH,  buffers  and  basic  bioenergetics,  chemical  structure  and  properties  of  water molecule, ionization  of  water,  Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, titration  curve  and  the  concept  of preparation of any buffer solution; biomolecules: general structure, properties, classification and metabolic importance of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids; enzymes,  basic structure (holoenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactor, coenzyme and prosthetic group), nomenclature and classification of enzymes according to IUBMB, mechanism of enzyme action (concept of active site of an enzyme, activation of free energy, principles of enzyme action, Fisher’s and Koshland’s models), enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten equation and   Lineweaver-Burk plot), reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibition, allosteric enzyme regulation and covalently modulated enzyme regulation, basic concept of ribozymes, abzymes and isozymes.

Pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy and its importance in modern medicine , Crude drugs, Drug evaluation   Secondary metabolites, Interrelationship of basic metabolic pathways with secondary metabolite biosynthesis with special reference to Cinchona, Ipecac, Adhatoda and  Curcuma longa.

Plant Biotechnology & Instrumentation:

Plant tissue culture and Micropropagation. Plant Genetic Engineering:   Brief concept of different gene transfer methods. Transgenic plants.

Principles and applications of simple, compound, confocal and electron microscopy, colorimetry, visible and UV-visible spectrophotometry, deferential centrifugation, PCR, RT-PCR, Gel Electrophoresis, Blotting (Southern, Northern and Western) and ELISA.

CHEMISTRY :

Paper – I :

Group A

1.   Atomic Structure:

Bohr theory of hydrogen atom, Mosley’s experiment. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Schrodinger wave equation; Interpretation of wave function, particle in a one-dimensional box; quantum numbers; hydrogen atom wave functions; shapes of s, p and d-orbitals.

2.  Chemical Bonding:

Ionic bond: characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle. Covalent bond and its general characteristics: polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; shapes of molecule, VSEPR theory.

Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; molecular orbital theory (LCAO

method); bonding in H +, H2, He +  to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, and CN-, comparison of valence bond and

molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length.

Elimination Reactions:  E1,  E2  and  E1cb  mechanisms; orientation in  E2  reactions-Saytzeff and

Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination – Chugaev and Cope eliminations.

Addition Reactions: Electrophillic addition to C=C and CºC; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

Rearrangements:  Pinacol-pinacolone,  Hoffmann,   Beckmann,   Baeyer-Villiger,  Favorskii,   Fries, Sclaisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

12. Organic Spectroscopy:

Principle and applications in structure elucidation: Infra-red: typical functional group identification

UV-vis: Singlet and triplet states; n-p* and p-p* transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls - Woodward–Fieser rules; charge-transfer spectra.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin interaction and coupling constants.

Mass Spectrometry: Parent peak, base peak metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement.

Paper – II :

Group-A

1.    Coordination Chemistry - I

Bonding  theories  of  metal  complexes;  valence  bond  theory,  crystal  field  theory  and  its modifications; application of theories in the explanation of magnetism a nd electronic spectra of metal complexes.

2.    Coordination Chemistry - II

Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of  complexes with  4  and  6  coordination numbers;  chelate  effect  and  polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

3.    Bio-Inorganic Chemistry

Metal ion in biological systems and their role in ion transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemerythrin; electron-transport proteins: cytochromes and ferrodoxins.

4.    Organometallic Chemistry

EAN rule, synthesis, structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.

Complexes with aromatic systems; synthesis, structure and bonding in metal-olefin, -alkyne and - cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization; compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

Group - B

5.      Phase-equilibria and solutions

Gibbs phase rule and its significance. Clapeyron equation; Clausius – Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase-equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids, upper and lower critical solution temperatures; properties of dilute solutions; Raoult’s and Henry’s law. Partial molar quantities, their significance; excess thermodynamic functions.

6.       Surface phenomena, catalysis and polymers

Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents: Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reactions on heterogeneous catalysts.

Number and weight average molecular weight, their determination. Kinetics of polymerization.

7.       Chemical Kinetics

Differential and integral rate equation for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions; rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; branching chain and explosion; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant; collision theory and transition state theory.

8.          Photochemistry and spectroscopy :

Fluorescence & phosphorescence, Jablonsky diagram, Franck-Condon principle, Lambert-Beer law. Laws of photochemistry, quantum yield, photo-stationary state, photosensitized reaction.

Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules: Rigid rotator model, selection rule, determination of bond length.