THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 06 April 2020 (A million and counting: On global coronavirus spread(The Hindu))

A million and counting : On global coronavirus spread(The Hindu)

Mains Paper 2:International 
Prelims level:SARS-CoV-2
Mains level:On global coronavirus spread

Context:

• On April 2, the number of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections in 181 countries/regions crossed one million, and deaths passed 50,000. 
• On April 3, the total number of cases and deaths stood at 10,39,166 and 55,092, respectively. 
• With 2,45,646 cases, the U.S. accounts for 24% of the global total, while Italy, with 13,915 deaths, has over 26% of total mortality. 
• Four countries — the U.S., Italy, Spain and Germany — have more cases reported than China. 

Time taken:

• The exponential increase becomes striking considering that the time taken to report 1,00,000 more cases has been reducing. 
• If it took 12 days to double to 2,00,000, it took just three days each to cross 0.3 and 0.4 million. 
• Thereafter, 0.1 million more cases have been reported every two days except on two occasions — the increase from 0.6 million to 0.7 million and 0.9 million to 1 million happened in a single day. 
• Yet, the cases reported so far might be a small percentage of the actual numbers in mostcountries. The main limiting factor in knowing the true spread has been the restricted number of tests done in most countries, India included. 

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Under reporting:

• Besides missing out those exhibiting mild symptoms and under-reporting by countries, the actual number of infections might be manifold higher as most countries have not made attempts to test those who do not show symptoms. 
• There is accumulating evidence suggesting that a “substantial fraction” of people infected with the virus are asymptomatic. 
• For instance, in South Korea, more than 20% of asymptomatic cases did not develop symptoms during hospitalisation. 
• If in Italy the virus was spreading silently for about 50 days before the first case was reported on February 20, in Iceland, nearly half of the 20% who tested positive for the virus were either asymptomatic or showed only mild symptoms. 

Asymptomatic reports:

• The South China Morning Post said more than 43,000 people in China who tested positive by end-February were asymptomatic and unreported. 
• Since April 1, China has been reporting new cases that are asymptomatic. China’s National Health Commission reports that as on March 31 there have been 1,541 asymptomatic cases. 
• The World Health Organisation maintains that the virus mainly spreads through droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces, and the risk of getting infected by an asymptomatic person is “very low”. 
• In India, it is important to test travellers and trace and monitor their contacts. Otherwise, there remains the risk of continued spread once the lockdown is withdrawn.

Conclusion:

• The global spread of the virus is continuing despite mitigation efforts.

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General Studies Pre. Cum Mains Study Materials

Prelims Questions:

Q.1)With reference to the Price Monitoring and Resource Unit (PMRU), consider the following statements:
1. Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory has recently become 12th State/UT where the Price Monitoring and Resource Unit (PMRU) has been set up by National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA). 
2. The PMRU shall help NPPA and State Drug Controller in ensuring availability and accessibility of medicines at affordable prices under the provisions of Drug Price Control Order (DPCO). 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer................................

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Mains Questions:
Q.1) The global spread of the virus is continuing despite mitigation efforts. Comment.