‘Governance’, ‘Good Governance’ and ‘Ethical Governance’ (Mint)

• Mains Paper 4:Ethics 
• Prelims level: Not much
• Mains level: Types of governance

Context:

• The term ‘governance’, ‘good governance’ and ‘ethical governance’ appears to be used interchangeably and are intrinsically interlinked. 
• Yet, each of them signify different meaning in their own sense.  The same are discussed below with help of examples.

Defining the term governance: 

• It is the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs.
• It is also the process through which various stakeholders articulate their interest, exercises their rights and mediate their differences.

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Defining the term good governance:

• In this context, 2nd ARC suggested various measures to improve governance, therefore the word ‘good governance’ implies:
• Responsive, accountable, sustainable and efficient administration at all levels.
• Further, transparency, accountability, rule of law, principle of subsidiarity and citizen first form basics of good governance. 

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Defining the term ethical governance:

• Whereas, the concept of ‘ethical governance’ is value laden, it means:
• Administrative procedures and policies shall fulfil criteria of ethical handling of public affairs.
• Utilitarian approach (Bentham’s approach) is followed to serve maximum good and difference between ethical-legal is handled appropriately.

Conclusion:

• Hence, governance shall be good as well as ethical.  

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1)With reference to the UNDP’s Gender Social Norms Index, consider the following statements:
1. About half the world’s population feel men make better political leaders. 
2. 24% of parliamentary seats worldwide are held by women. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: ........................

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Mains Questions:
Q.1)The term ‘governance’, ‘good governance’ and ‘ethical governance’ though looks similar, yet signifies different idea. In this background, differentiate the above-mentioned terms in light of governance structure in India.