GS Mains Model Question & Answer: Explain the difference between Mathura and Gandhara school of art? Comment

Q. Explain the difference between Mathura and Gandhara school of art? Comment

Model Answer:

Explain the difference between Mathura and Gandhara school of art?

Areas of differences Gandhara School of art Mathura School of Art

Reign Kushana Dynasty Kushana Dynasty

Area Northwest Frontier Mathura

Outside influences Greek influence

• Purely indigenous
• No foreign influence Religious influence Buddhism Hellenistic realism
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Jainism
• Secularism

Material Used Bluish- Grey sandstone Grey sandstone Spotted red sandstone Features of Buddha sculptures Spiritual Buddha Sad Buddha Bearded Buddha Less ornamentation Great detailing Buddha in Yogi postures
Greek factors like wavy hair, large forehead, long ears Delighted Buddha Less spiritualShaven head and face Muscularity Energetic Graceful posture of Buddha Seated in Padmasana Buddha surrounded by two monks: Padmapani (holding Lotus) and Vajrapani( Holding Vajra) Halo around the head of Buddha decorated with geometrical motifs The Standing Buddhas of the Sravasti, Sarnath, and Kausambhi Sarvatobhadrika image of 4 Jain Jinas

Various Mudras of Buddha in Gandhara Art Abhayamudra- Don’t fear Bhumisparshamudra -Touching the earth Dhyana mudra- Meditation Dharmachakramudra- A preaching mudra

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