Public Administration Mains 2023 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-5)

Section B

• Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
• Year : 2023
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed: 3 Hoursa

Q5. Answer the following in about 150 words each : 

The district training component of Induction Training of IAS officers requires to be revisited. Examine. 10

The district training component of Induction Training of IAS officers is a one-year period during which the officer trainees are exposed to the actual and day-to-day working of administration at the state and district level in their allotted cadres.

The duration, content, and quality of the district training vary considerably across different states and districts, depending on the availability of resources, infrastructure, and mentors, and the level of coordination and cooperation among the stakeholders. 
The relevance, effectiveness, and impact of the district training are not adequately assessed and monitored, as there is a lack of proper feedback and reporting mechanisms, and a lack of follow-up and support for the officer trainees after the completion of the district training. 
The challenges and opportunities of the district administration have changed significantly in the recent years, due to the rapid socio-economic and political transformations, such as the urbanization, globalization, decentralization, and digitalization, that affect the development process and outcomes. 
The district training component of Induction Training of IAS officers needs to be revisited and reformed, to make it more relevant, effective, and impactful for the officer trainees and the district administration.

(b) "Mission Antyodaya strives to realize the vision of poverty-free India." Examine. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(c) The dynamics of coalitions vary with the nature of leadership, political parties and contemporary political conditions. Analyze. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(d) Computerization of treasuries has revolutionized the accounting and budget planning process. Comment. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(e) Do you agree that code of ethics and code of conduct for ministers would help in upholding higher standards of their constitutional and ethical conduct? Explain. 10 

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Public Administration Mains 2023 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-4)

Section A

• Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
• Year : 2023
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed: 3 Hours

4. (a) "There shall be Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except .... ." This constitutional provision is being intensively debated nowadays. Elucidate. 20

This constitutional provision is Article 163 of the Indian Constitution, which states that:

"There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except in so far as he is by or under this Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them in his discretion.

This provision implies that the Governor of a state is bound by the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister in most matters, except those where he or she can act in his or her discretion as per the Constitution. 

However, the Constitution does not clearly specify the matters in which the Governor can exercise his or her discretionary powers, and leaves it to the interpretation and practice of the Governor and the courts.

The provision challenges the constitutional principles and values of the parliamentary system, where the executive is derived from and responsible to the legislature, and where the head of state is a nominal or ceremonial figure. The Governor may act as an active or partisan player, who influences or affects the political or policy decisions of the state, and encroaches upon the domain or functions of the state legislature or the state executive. There is a need to clarify and rationalize the discretionary powers of the Governor, and to ensure that they are exercised in a judicious and impartial manner.

(b) There is a need to redefine and realign the functions of the Deputy Conmissioner/District Collector. Elaborate. 20

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(c) Examine Project Bharatmala - Road to Prosperity - launched in 2017. 10

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Public Administration Mains 2023 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-3)

Section A

• Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
• Year : 2023
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed: 3 Hours

3. (a) India has significantly advanced in its development goals, increased efficiency in the public sector and unlocked innovation in private sector by adopting the approach of building Digital Public Infrastructure. Elucidate. 20

Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) can be seen as a combination of digital infrastructure, such as internet connectivity, data centers, and cloud computing, and digital applications, such as Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker, and Co-WIN, that leverage the digital infrastructure to provide various solutions and benefits to the users.

India has adopted the approach of building DPI to advance its development goals, increase efficiency in the public sector, and unlock innovation in the private sector, by:

•  Providing universal and affordable access to digital services, such as identity, payments, health, education, and social security, to the citizens, especially the poor and marginalized sections of the society, and thus enhancing their empowerment, inclusion, and welfare.
•  Improving the transparency, accountability, and responsiveness of the public administration, governance, and service delivery, by reducing the intermediaries, red tape, corruption, and leakages, and by enabling the real-time monitoring, evaluation, and feedback of the public policies and programs.
•  Fostering a conducive and competitive environment for the private sector, especially the startups and MSMEs, to innovate, collaborate, and scale up their products and services, by providing them with the access to the DPI platforms and data, and by creating a large and diverse market and consumer base.

(b) "Attempts to prepare unified and holistic plans for the country are complex and full of challenges." Discuss. 20

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(c) "Excessive political interference in development process has become a cause of concern in achieving national goals." Examine. 10 

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Public Administration Mains 2023 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-2)

Section A

• Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
• Year : 2023
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed: 3 Hours

2. (a) "Indian Prime Minister is more empowered than his British counterpart in the Westminster model of democracy." Elucidate. 20

The Westminster model of democracy is a form of parliamentary system that originated in the United Kingdom, in this model, the executive branch is derived from and accountable to the legislative branch, and the head of government (Prime Minister) is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the parliament. The head of state (Monarch or President) is usually a ceremonial figure with limited powers.

One can argue that the Indian Prime Minister is more empowered than his British counterpart in the Westminster model of democracy, because:

•  The Indian Prime Minister has more control over the appointment and dismissal of the Ministers, as he or she does not need the formal approval of the President, who acts on the aid and advice of the Prime Minister. 

The British Prime Minister, on the other hand, has to seek the consent of the Monarch, who has the prerogative to appoint and remove the Ministers.

•  The Indian Prime Minister has more influence over the policy-making and legislation, as he or she can issue ordinances when the parliament is not in session, which have the same force and effect as an act of parliament. 

The British Prime Minister, on the other hand, cannot issue any executive orders without the approval of the parliament, and has to follow the conventions and customs of the parliament.

•  The Indian Prime Minister has more authority over the administration and bureaucracy, as he or she can appoint and transfer the senior civil servants, such as the Cabinet Secretary, the Chief Secretaries, and the Secretaries to the Government of India. 
The British Prime Minister, on the other hand, has to respect the principle of neutrality and impartiality of the civil service, and cannot interfere with the appointment and career of the civil servants.

(b) Post-amendment period Panchayats have become a platform of competitive politics, but could not emerge as an agency of planning and service delivery. Examine. 20

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(c) Former Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra observed : "An efficient judiciary is the hallmark of a great nation." Comment. 10

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Public Administration Mains 2023 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-1)

Section A

• Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
• Year : 2023
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Q1. Answer the following in about 150 words each :

(a) work on the State and Statecraft." Comment. 10

Kautilya's Arthashastra is a comprehensive and influential treatise on statecraft, political science, economic policy, and military strategy, written in Sanskrit, was a scholar and advisor to the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. 

The Arthashastra covers various aspects of governance, administration, diplomacy, law, security, welfare, and ethics, and provides practical advice and guidelines for rulers and officials on how to manage and maintain an efficient and prosperous state. However, to call the Arthashastra a purely theoretical work may not be accurate, as it also reflects the historical and cultural context of its time, and draws on the empirical and practical experiences of Kautilya and other ancient Indian thinkers and statesmen. 

The Arthashastra is not a rigid or dogmatic doctrine, but rather a flexible and pragmatic framework that allows for adaptation and innovation according to the changing circumstances and needs of the state. Moreover, the Arthashastra is not a monolithic or homogeneous work, but rather a composite and heterogeneous work that incorporates and synthesizes various sources, traditions, and perspectives, some of which may be contradictory or inconsistent with each other. Therefore, it may be more appropriate to view the Arthashastra as a dynamic and multidimensional work that combines theory and practice, tradition and innovation, and diversity and unity, and that offers a rich and insightful analysis of the art and science of statecraft in ancient India.

(b) Critics, sometimes, argue that bureaucracy is an impediment to a nation's development. Analyse. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(c) The Ninety-First Constitutional Amendment Act successfully right-sized the Council of Ministers both at Union and State levels. Comment. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(d) Is it true that the Finance Commission has been lending financial strength to the local bodies in India? Argue in favour of your response. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(e) "Parliamentary democracy in India envisages elected head as the real executive of a State. "Discuss. 10

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

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(Download) CS (MAIN) EXAM : 2024 ZOOLOGY (Paper 2)

• Exam Name: CS (MAIN) EXAM : 2024 Zoology

• Paper : 2

• Year : 2024

• Marks: 250

• Time Allowed : Three Hours

खण्ड -A / SECTION — A 

1. Write on the following in about 150 words each : 10×5 = 50 

(a) Polytene chromosome 
(b) Difference between male heterogamety and female heterogamety with examples 
(c) Types of chromosomal aberrations 
(d) Geographic versus reproductive isolation 
(e) Main types of molecular mutations and their effect on phenotype 

2. (a) Give an account of ultrastructure of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Also discuss the role of endoplasmic reticulum in cell secretion. 
(b) Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin in their structure and function with examples. 
(c) What are signal molecules? How do defects in signalling pathway cause pathological changes? 

3. (a) What is sex-determination? Give an account of genic balance theory of sex-determination in Drosophila with examples from abnormal karyotypes. 
(b) What is DNA replication? Describe the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes. 
(c) Discuss gene regulation mechanisms in E. coli. 

4. (a) Describe the stages of human evolution and mention the major hominid forms giving their time of origin. 
(b) What is Hardy-Weinberg law? How is gene frequency changed by mutation and genetic drift in populations? 
(c) What is the difference between systematics and taxonomy? Differentiate between classical and molecular taxonomy with the tools used. 

खण्ड - B / SECTION — B 

5. Write on the following in about 150 words each : 10 × 5 = 50 

(a) Functions of immunoglobulins 
(b) ABO system of blood groups and its basis, and erythroblastosis foetalis 
(c) Olfactory pathways and physiology of olfaction 
(d) (i) Gastrulation in frog 
(ii) Biogenetic law 
(e) (i) Stem cells 
(ii) Types of placenta among mammals 

6. (a) Explain the structure of nephron and its role in urine formation. Add a note on hormonal regulation of urine formation. 
(b) Classify hormones and write down the process of steroid hormone biosynthesis. 
(c) What do you mean by teratogenesis? Explain the genetic and induced teratogenesis. 

7. (a) Describe the process of spermatogenesis. Add a note on the role of Golgi bodies in the formation of acrosome. 
(b) Why are vitamins also called coenzymes? Justify. 
(c) Explain the mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle. What do you mean by Rheobase and Chronaxie? 

8. (a) Write about the role of liver and pancreas in digestion. Add a note on neural and hormonal regulation of their secretions. 
(b) Discuss the role of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular and tissue metabolism. 
(c) Describe the organogenesis of eye. 

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