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Suggested Reading for Animal Husbandry & Vetinary Science as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Animal Husbandry & Vetinary Science as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Books & Study Materials For UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Botany as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Botany as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Books & Study Materials For UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Commerce and Accountancy as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Commerce & Accountancy as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Books & Study Materials For UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Chemistry as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Chemistry as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Books & Study Materials For UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Civil Engineering as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Suggested Reading for Civil Engineering as Optional in UPSC IAS Main Examination

Books & Study Materials For UPSC IAS Main Examination

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Highest Waterfalls of the World)

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Geography of India and The World)

Highest Waterfalls of the World

Name(s) (Foreign) Location Source/River High (Feet)
Angel (Salto Angel) Canaima Nat’l Park, Venezuela Upper trib. of Rio Caroni 3,212
Tugela Natal Nat’l Park, South Africa Tugela River 3,110
Utigord (Utigordsfoss) Norway glacier fed 2,625
Monge (Mongefoss) Marstein, Norway Mongebeck 2,540
Gocta Cataracts Chachapoyas, Peru   2,532
Mutarazi (Mtarazi) Nyanga Nat’l Park, Zimbabwe Mutarazi River 2,499
Yosemite Yosemite Nat’l Park, California, U.S. Yosemite Creek 2,425
Espelands (Espelandsfoss) Hardanger Fjord, Norway Opo River 2,307
Lower Mar Valley (Ostra Mardolafoss) Eikesdal, Norway Mardals Stream 2,151
Tyssestrengene Odda, Norway Tyssa River 2,123

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Most Populous Cities)

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Geography of India and The World)

Most Populous Cities

Rank City Population Country
1 Tokyo Japan
2 Delhi India
3 Shanghai China
4 São Paulo Brazil
5 Mexico City Mexico
6 Cairo Egypt
7 Beijing China
8 Mumbai India.
9 Bijing China

10

Dhaka

Bangladesh

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Largest Peninsulas)

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Geography of India and The World)

Largest Peninsulas

  • Arabian Peninsula (2,017,686 km): The Arabian peninsula contains Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman and Yemen. This peninsula is surrounded by the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf.

  • Southern India (1,287,200 km): South India is a peninsula in the shape of a vast inverted triangle, bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea, on the east by the Bay of Bengal and on the north by the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. The narmada flows westwards in the depression between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.

  • Alaska Mi (933,220 km): The entire state of Alaska is one big peninsula, surrounded by the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean on the south, the Bering and Chukchi Seas on the west and the Arctic Ocean on the north. The Alaskan Peninsula is about 570,000 sq. miles in size, making it not only the largest peninsula in the United States but also the western hemisphere.

  • Labrador (807,718 km): Labrador Peninsula is a large peninsula in eastern Canada. It is bounded by the Hudson Bay to the west, the Hudson Strait to the north, the Labrador Sea to the east, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the south-east. the peninsula includes the region of Labrador, part of the province of New-foundland and Labrador; and the regions of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Cote-Nord, and Nord-du-Quebec, which are in the province of Quebec.

  • Scandinavia (497,181 km): The Scandinavian Peninsula is a geographic region in northern Europe, consisting of Norway and Sweden. the name Scandinavian is derived from Scania, a region at the southernmost extremity of the peninsula. The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Europe.

  • The Iberian Peninsula [225,000 sq m (339,525 km)]:The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme south-west of Europe and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar and a very small area of France.

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Chiefs of Air Staff

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Chiefs of Air Staff

  • Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst: 1947–1950
  • Air Marshal Sir Ronald Chapman: 1950–1951
  • Air Marshal Sir Gerald Gibbs: 1951–1954
  • Air Marshal S. Mukherjee: 1954–1960
  • Air Marshal A.M. Engineer: 1960–1964
  • Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh: 1964–1969
  • Air Chief Marshal P.C. Lal: 1969–1973
  • Air Chief Marshal O.P. Mehra: 1973–1976
  • Air Chief Marshal H. Moolgavkar: 1976–1978
  • Air Chief Marshal I.H. Latif: 1978–1981
  • Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh: 1981–1984
  • Air Chief Marshal L.M. Katre: 1984–1985
  • Air Chief Marshal D.A. La Fontaine: 1985–1988
  • Air Chief Marshal S.K. Mehra: 1988–1991
  • Air Chief Marshal N.C. Suri: 1991–1993
  • Air Chief Marshal S.K. Kaul: 1993–1995
  • Air Chief Marshal S.K. Sareen: 1996–1998
  • Air Chief Marshal A.Y. Tipnis: 1999–2001
  • Air Chief Marshal S. Krishnaswamy: 2001–2004
  • Air Chief Marshal S.P. Tyagi: 2004–2007
  • Air Chief Marshal Fali H. Major: 2007–2009
  • Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik: 2009–2011
  • Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne: 2011-2013
  • Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha: 2013-2016
  • Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa: 2016-2019
  • Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Bhadauria: 2019-Till Date

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Chiefs of Naval Staff

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Chiefs of Naval Staff

  • Rear Admiral John Talbot Savigna Hall: 1947–1948
  • Admiral Sir Edward Parry: 1948–1951
  • Admiral Sir Mark Pizey: 1951–1955
  • Vice Admiral Sir Stephen Carlill: 1955–1958
  • Vice Admiral R.D. Katari: 1958–1962
  • Vice Admiral B.S. Soman: 1962–1966
  • Admiral A.K. Chatterjee: 1966–1970
  • Admiral S.M. Nanda: 1970–1973
  • Admiral S.N. Kohli: 1973–1976
  • Admiral J.L. Cursetji: 1976–1979
  • Admiral R.L. Pereira: 1979–1982
  • Admiral O.S. Dawson: 1982–1984
  • Admiral R.H. Tahiliani: 1984–1987
  • Admiral J.G. Nadkami: 1987–1990
  • Admiral Ramdas: 1990–1993
  • Admiral V.S. Shekhawat: 1993–1996
  • Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat: 1996–1998
  • Admiral Sushil Kumar: 1998–2001
  • Admiral Madhvendra Singh: 2001–2004
  • Admiral Arun Prakash: 2004–2006
  • Admiral Suresh Mehta: 2006–2009
  • Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma: 2009–2012
  • Admiral Devendra Kumar Joshi: 2012–2014
  • Admiral Robin K. Dhowan: 2014–2016
  • Admiral Sunil Lanba: 2016–2019
  • Admiral Karambir Singh: 2019–Till Date

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Chiefs of Army Staff

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Chiefs of Army Staff

  • General Maharaj Rajendra Sinhji: 1955–1955
  • General S.M. Srinagesh: 1955–1957
  • General K.S. Thimayya: 1957–1961
  • General P.N. Thapar: 1961–1962
  • General J.N. Choudhuri: 1962–1966
  • General P.P. Kumaramangalam: 1966–1969
  • General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw: 1969–1972
  • General S.H.F.J Manekshaw: 1973–1973
  • General G.G. Bewoor: 1973–1975
  • General T.N. Raina: 1975–1978
  • General OP. Malhotra: 1978–1981
  • General K.V. Krishna Rao: 1981–1983
  • General A.S. Vaidya: 1983–1986
  • General K. Sunderji: 1986–1988
  • General V.N. Sharma: 1988–1990
  • General S.F. Rodrigues: 1990–1993
  • General B.C. Joshi: 1993–1994
  • General Shankar Roychow Dhury: 1994–1997
  • General Ved Prakash Malik: 1997–2000
  • General S. Padmanabhan: 2000–2002
  • General N.C. Vij: 2003–2005
  • General J.J. Singh: 2005–2007
  • General Deepak Kapoor: 2007–2010
  • General V.K. Singh: 2010–2012
  • General Bikram Singh: 2012–2014
  • General Dalbir Sing Suhag: 2014–2016
  • General Bipin Rawat: 2016–Till Date

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Commanders in Chief

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Commanders in Chief

  • General Sir Roy Bucher: 1948–1949
  • General K.M. Cariappa: 1949–1953
  • General Maharja Rajendra Sinhji: 1953–1955

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Governors of Reserve Bank of India

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Governors of Reserve Bank of India

  • Sir Oshorne Smith: 1935–1937
  • Sir James Taylor: 1937–1943
  • Sir C.D. Deshmukh: 1943–1949
  • Sir Benegal Rama Rau: 1949–1957
  • K.G. Ambegaonkar: 1957–1957
  • H.V.R. Lengar: 1957–1962
  • P.C. Bhattacharya: 1962–1967
  • L.K. Jha: 1967–1970
  • B.N. Adarkar: 1970–1970
  • S. Jagannathan: 1970–1975
  • N.C. Sen Gupta: 1975–1975
  • K.R. Puri: 1975–1977
  • M. Narasimham: 1977–1977
  • Dr. I.G. Patel: 1977–1982
  • Dr. Manmohan Singh: 1982–1985
  • A. Ghosh: 1985–1985
  • R.N. Malhotra: 1985–1990
  • S. Venkitaramanan: 1990–1992
  • Dr. C. Rangarajan: 1992–1997
  • Dr. Bimal Jalan: 1997–2003
  • Dr. Y.V. Reddy: 2003–2008
  • Dr. D. Subba Rao: 2008–2013
  • Dr. Raghuram Rajan: 2013–2016
  • Urjit patel: 2016–2018
  • Shrikant Das: 2018–Till

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Attorney-Generals of India

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Attorney-Generals of India

  • M.C. Setalved: 1950–1963
  • C.K. Daphtary: 1963–1968
  • Niren De: 1968–1977
  • S.V. Gupte: 1977–1979
  • L.N. Sinha: 1979–1983
  • K. Parasaran: 1983–1989
  • Soli J. Sorabjee: 1989–1990
  • G. Ramaswamy: 1990–1992
  • Milon K. Banerjee: 1992–1996
  • Ashok K. Desai: 1996–1998
  • Soli J. Sorabjee: 1998–2004
  • Milon K. Banerjee: 2004–2009
  • Goolam E. Vahanvati: 2009–2014
  • Mukul Rohtagi: 2014–2017
  • K.K. Venugopal: 2017–Till Date

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Comptroller and Auditor–Generals of India

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Comptroller and Auditor–Generals of India

  • V. Narhari Rao: 1948–1954
  • A.K. Chanda: 1954–1960
  • Sh. A.K. Roy: 1960–1966
  • S. Ranganathan: 1966–1972
  • A. Baksi: 1972–1984
  • Gian Prakash: 1978–1978
  • T.N. Chaturvedi: 1984–1990
  • C.G. Somiah: 1990–1996
  • V.K. Shunglu: 1996–2002
  • V.N. Kaul: 2002–2008
  • Vinod Rai: 2008–2013
  • Shashi Kant Sharma: 2013–Till date

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Chief Election Commissioners of India

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Chief Election Commissioners of India

  • Sukumar Sen: 1950–1958
  • K.V.K. Sundaram: 1958–1967
  • S.P. Sen Verma: 1967–1972
  • Dr. Nagendra Singh: 1972–1973
  • T. Swaminathan; 1973–1977
  • S.L. Shakdhar: 1977–1982
  • R.K. Trivedi: 1982–1985
  • R.V.S. Peri Sastri: 1986–1990
  • Smt. V.S. Rama Devi: 1990–1990
  • T.N. Seshan: 1990–1996
  • M.S. Gill: 1996–2001
  • J.M. Lyngdoh: 2001–2004
  • T.S. Krishna Murthy: 2004–2005
  • B.B. Tandon: 2005–2006
  • N. Gopalaswamy: 2006–2009
  • Naveen Chawla: 2009–2010
  • S.Y. Quraishi: 2010–2012
  • V.S. Sampath: 2012–2015
  • Harishankar Brahma: 2015–2015
  • Nasim Zaiai: 2015–2017
  • Achal Kumar Jyoti: 2017–2018
  • Om Prakash Rawat: 2018–2018
  • Sunil Arora: 2018–Till Date

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Offices under Government of India) Chief Justice of India

General Knowledge for IAS Exams (Indian Polity and Governance)

Offices under Government of India

Chief Justice of India

  • Harilal J. Kania: 1950–1951
  • M. Patanjali Sastri: 1951–1954
  • M.C. Mahajan: 1954–1954
  • B.K. Mukherjee: 1954–1956
  • S.R. Das:  1956–1959
  • B.P. Sinha: 1959–1964
  • P.B. Gajendragadkar: 1964–1966
  • A.K. Sarkar: 1966–1966
  • K. Subba Rao: 1966–1967
  • K.N. Wanchoo: 1967–1968
  • M. Hidayatullah: 1968–1970
  • J.C. Shah: 1970–1971
  • S.M. Sikri: 1971–1973
  • A.N. Ray: 1973–1977
  • M.H. Beg: 1977–1978
  • Y.V. Chandrachud: 1978–1985
  • P.N. Bhagwati: 1985–1986
  • R.S. Pathak: 1986–1989
  • E.S. Venkataramaiah: 1989–1989
  • S. Mukherjee: 1989–1990
  • Ranganath Mishra: 1990–1991
  • K.N. Singh: 1991–1992
  • M.H. Kania: 1991–1992
  • L.M. Sharma: 1992–1993
  • M.N. Venkatachalaiah: 1993–1994
  • A.M. Ahmadi: 1994–1997
  • J.S. Verma: 1997–1998
  • M.M. Punchhi: 1998–1998
  • A.S. Anand: 1998–2001
  • S.P. Bharucha: 2001–2002
  • B.N. Kirpal: 2002–2002
  • G.B. Pattanaik: 2002–2002
  • V.N. Khare: 2002–2004
  • S. Rajendra Babu: 2004–2005
  • R.C. Lahoti: 2004–2005
  • Y.K. Sabharwal: 2005–2005
  • K.G. Balakrishnan: 2007 –2010
  • S.H. Kapadia: 2010–2012
  • Altamas Kabir: 2012-2013
  • P. Sathasivam: 2013-2014
  • Rajendra Mal Lodha: 2014–27-09-2014
  • H.L. Dattu: 28-09-2014–2015
  • T.S. Thakur: 28-09-2015–2017
  • Jagdish Singh Khehar: 28-09-2017–2017
  • Dipak Misra: 28-09-2017–2018
  • Ranjan Gogoi: 28-09-2018–2019
  • Sharad Arvind Bobde: 28-09-2019–Till Date

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