(Download) CS (MAIN) EXAM:2022 Agriculture (Paper -II)

• Exam Name: CS (MAIN) EXAM:2022  Agriculture (Paper II)
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed : Three Hours

(Download) CS (MAIN) EXAM:2022 Agriculture (Paper I)

• Exam Name: CS (MAIN) EXAM:2022  Agriculture (Paper I)
• Marks: 250
• Time Allowed : Three Hours

(Getting Started) Sociology optional Strategy Neha Bhosle's AIR-15

Neha Bhosle secured the coveted AIR-15 rank in UPSC Civil Services Examination in 2019. Hailing from the state of Maharashtra, Neha has done her BE from Mumbai University and continued her education by completing her MBA from IIM Lucknow. She has also worked for the private sector for 3 years. She started preparing for UPSC in 2016 while in her job, but given the lack of time, she quit her job in 2017 and pursued a full-time preparation. This was her second attempt and her optional was Sociology.

Why Sociology Optional?

Neha took three months of researching optionals at the beginning of her preparation before zeroing in on Sociology. Initially, she had spent a few months on management optional as it was a reminiscence of her post-grad degree. However, the vast syllabus was not encouraging. Once she quit her job, choosing an optional different from her background and starting from scratch became a viable option. Keeping her general interest, ease of finding study material, and overlap with the General Studies syllabus, Neha chose Sociology to be her optional.

Sociology Optional Book List

Paper-I

1. Both Class 11 NCERTs – Introducing Sociology and Understanding Society
2. Both Class 12 NCERTs – Indian Society and Social Change and Development in India
3. IGNOU Sociology - ESO 13 and MSO 04 Blocks
4. Sociology – Themes and Perspectives by Haralambos and Holborn (Blue Haralambos)

UPSC Mains Sociology (Optional) Study Materials

As per her blog, Neha recommends selectively reading from the Blue Haralambos (8th Edition)  –

1. Introduction: sociological perspectives – full
2. Chapter 1: Stratification, class and inequality – pages 21-24, 30-34, 47-56, 80-82, 87-93
3. Chapter 2: Sex and gender – pages 95-101, 104-121, 130-138
4. Chapter 3: ‘Race’, ethnicity and nationality – pages 155-160, 174-187, 193-197, 206-210
5. Chapter 4: Poverty, social exclusion and the welfare state – pages 231-236, 246-247, 259-264, 269-276
6. Chapter 6: Crime and deviance – pages 347-352, 361-367
7. Chapter 7: Religion – pages 431-437, 444-462, 473-475, 487-488, 491-499, 504-507
8. Chapter 8: Families, households and personal life – pages 509-525, 544-545, 566-569
9. Chapter 9: Power, politics and the state – pages 579-590, 593-603, 608-620
10. Chapter 10: Education – pages 663-671, 702-704
11. Chapter 14: Methodology – full
12. Chapter 15: Sociological theory – pages 953-998, 1013-1015

Paper-II

1. Applied Sociology – Indian Society: Structure and Change by Vikash Ranjan Sir
2. Mohapatra Sir’s Class Notebooks
3. Tusharanshu Sharma Sir’s notes

Neha’s Strategy

Neha started with the NCERTs for Paper-I. Once she was done with them, she read the IGNOU material once and tried making notes from them. She followed this up by the selective reading of the Blue Haralambos and made study notes. She followed a similar process for Paper-II and made notes from the text. She also revised the IGNOU material more than once before the prelims itself. For the notes, she highlighted the potions she felt were more important or contained keywords, instead of making fresh notes.

After the prelims, armed with her own notes, and highlighted notes from Upendra Gaur Sir, Mohapatra Sir, and Tusharanshu Sharma Sir, she made multiple revisions and wrote tests. She joined the online combined Lectures and Test Series Course for Sociology by Praveen Kishore Sir.

Answer Writing

There are three things you need to have prepared before attempting writing good answers –

1. 350-400 word notes on each topic mentioned in the syllabus.
2. Real-life current affairs case studies pertaining to relevant topics in the syllabus.
3. Answers to common questions asked over the years.

These already give you enough good content to fill your answers with. Now it is a matter of practice. Write test series and use the feedback to analyze and improve your answers. It is not rocket science and is very doable for each aspirant. 

Remember, the key to writing good answers in sociology is to not fall into the General Studies trap, but instead, think sociological points to write about. 

All the best!

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(GIST OF KURUKSHETRA) Chakhesang Shawl

(GIST OF YOJANA) Hanle Space Observatory

(Answer Key) UPSC CAPF (ACs) Examination, 2019

Exam Name: CAPF (ACs) Examination,

(GIST OF KURUKSHETRA) Warli Paintings

(GIST OF YOJANA) Dogri Literature

(GIST OF KURUKSHETRA) Reconsidering Indigenous Knowledge System

(GIST OF YOJANA) Bridging the Digital Divide

(Getting Started) AIR-112 Sizal Agarwal's Strategy For Philosophy Optional

Sizal Agarwal secured an all India rank of 112 in her fourth attempt in UPSC Civil Services Examination 2019. Both her last 2 attempts have been with Philosophy Optional. Sizal is from a commerce background and the Jorhat district of Assam. She holds a graduate degree in Commerce, and currently, she is pursuing her post-grad as a Master of Economics student. She had started her preparation in 2014 right after her graduation and dedicated 10 months just to it. Thereafter, she has been trying to find her name in the final merit list, finally succeeding this year.

Book List 

Standard Text Books

1. Indian Philosophy – Dutta and Chatterjee
2. Western Philosophy – Y Masih, Donald Palmer
3. Socio-political Philosophy – O.P. Gauba
4. Philosophy of Religion – Y Masih, John Hick

Additional Study Material

1. Patanjali IAS Printed Material
2. Mitra’s Printed Notes

Key Points To Pursuing Philosophy Optional

Conceptual Clarity

Philosophy is all about having a vision. Until and unless one can understand the point of view of different philosophers, they will not be able to tackle this subject. Conceptual clarity thus becomes the most important element for Philosophy optional. Mugging up details will not help.

Previous Years’ Questions

An important part of Sizal’s Philosophy strategy was analyzing past years’ papers. They were her pillars. Paper-I especially comes with a barrage of repetitive questions and you can find some common topics if you have analysed PYQs.

Study The Syllabus Serially

Philosophy has trends and there is a flow to the ideas. To understand them properly one must read these concepts serially.

Philosophy Optional Printed Study Materials for UPSC Mains

Notes Making

Philosophy doesn’t have one source material. There are multiple sources one must follow. Making notes is important to ensure you have all the information at the same place. It also helps one connect the similarities and dissimilarities between thinkers.

Philosophy Optional Printed Study Materials for UPSC Mains

DOWNLOAD 10 YEARS UPSC MAINS PHILOSOPHY PAPERS PDF

Current Affairs

The Paper-II of Philosophy has become very dynamic. It is important to connect recent events to concepts to write the paper-II.

Key Strategies

Answer Writing

The first thing to remember is that this is not a General Studies paper. The demand for the paper is philosophical values and concepts. For example, if a question asks about the solution to terrorism, do not start ranting about social and economic aspects. Instead write about interfaith dialogue, distinguishing faith from blind adherence, the need to promote religious tolerance, etc.

The richness of content is important to score well. For example, whether you have used keywords, what real-life example you use, if you have analyzed the philosophy you have used, etc. Identify command words such as “Describe”, “Analyze”, “Critically examine”, and write answers fulfilling the distinct demand of each of these words.

Do not forget to point out similarities of the philosophy asked in the question to that of others across time, or any such distinct dissimilarities between contemporaries. Try to solve PYQs to understand the scope and depth of the questions that will be asked.

Message To Aspirants

Always remember these days Youtube videos and Google searches are always there for your help. Do not be afraid to collect material all over. Philosophy is a very interesting subject. As long as you put in the right effort, you will succeed.

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Philosophy Optional Printed Study Materials for UPSC Mains

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(Getting Started) How To Handle Loaded/ Controversial Questions In UPSC Mains

UPSC conducts the Civil Services Examination to select the crème de la crème of candidates who will serve this country as bureaucrats over the next three to four decades. India is a democracy and governed by elected governments. However, the government changes every five years. It is the bureaucrats and the thousands of other employees that serve the government machinery that keeps this country moving forward. Bureaucrats also handle a lot of the execution of policies that directly affect the people of this country and thus, UPSC takes great care in ensuring they select people who will do not only a good job but a just job.

The Controversy Around “Loaded Questions”

UPSC has always maintained a standard by which they can filter out candidates and select those with the least political or social bias. Doing so ensures that no matter which government is in power, the bureaucracy never becomes a roadblock in their implementation of policies. In recent years, a trend is being noticed by which UPSC has started asking questions that seem to be prejudiced towards one direction or another, often leading an aspirant into the trap of taking an extreme position. As expected, this has drawn some flak.

What Is A “Loaded Question”?

In 2019, a question was asked that led to some uproar among aspirants and others alike. The question was “What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism?” As one can tell, the question seems to assume that secularism is indeed contradictory to Indian culture and has negatively affected it. Aspirants, along with serving and former bureaucrats alike, were left wondering if UPSC is indeed taking a political stance. Questions like this, that make assumptions, whether true or false, and force aspirants to take the bait of taking an extreme stance are called “loaded questions”. Another such question asked in 2019 was “Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments.”

How Should You Answer Loaded Questions?

First thing first – always know the reason why such a question was asked. It is because –

1. UPSC wants to ensure that an aspirant is always rooted in facts and will not get carried away by fallacies.
2. UPSC wants to ensure that every aspirant understands that their first duty is towards the Constitution of India.

Keeping this in mind, here are the top do’s and don’ts of answering loaded questions.

What Not To Do

1. Do not find facts where there are none. For example, just because it says in the question that the GDP growth has been steady, you need not agree to it when you know that fact is that the growth has been faltering.
2. Do not try to be diplomatic and neutral when a question calls for disagreement. The Constitution is sacred. So, there is no question of agreeing to a notion that goes against the very primal nature of our Constitution, irrespective of the tone of the question. Being diplomatic in this situation is disrespectful to the ethos on which our country was built.

What To Do

1. Stand by your core values and answer like an upright officer. This isn’t a multiple-choice; you get to put your point forward. Agreeing or disagreeing isn’t the only option.
2. Stand by facts and challenge assumptions made in the question. For example, if you know that the GDP is falling, mention those facts and figures before even attempting to answer the question. Talk about how the GDP calculation method change has affected the numbers. The examiner must realise that you know your facts.
3. Compare the positives and negatives. In the secularism question, the framing seems to paint secularism in a negative light while holding Indian culture in a higher stature. However, you needn’t do that. Explain how the negatives of Indian culture such as casteism, the now abolished practices such as sati and child marriage, etc. must be weeded out. Explain how secularism, although often rejected as a western concept, helps India remain the melting pot of cultures, races, and religions, and is enshrined in our constitution.

Remember, as career bureaucrats there will be many contradictory, and in rare cases volatile, situations you will have to handle. Handling questions like this are meant to prepare you for that path, and that is UPSC’s true intention.

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