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Public Administration Papers Topic : Development Dynamics


Public Administration Papers Topic : Development Dynamics


  • "The concept of development is multi - dimensional and ever - expanding." Explain. (20 marks 2010)
  • "People's participation is crucial to development  administration." Comment. (20 marks 2007)
  • "Development administration is starved for theories which will guide the pooling of empirical knowledge, orient new research, and recommend administrative policy." Explain. (20 marks 2005)
  • "In certain discourses, there is a reflected basic distrust against bureaucracy as an  instrument of development." Do you think bureaucracy is more appropriate for regulatory administration than for development administration ? In the changing profile of development administration in a liberalizing environment, what role of bureaucracy can I envisaged ?  (60 marks 2008)
  • Do you agree with the view that development administration has in recent years lost its impetus without making any significant intellectual breakthrough? Discuss. (60 marks 2006)
  • Indicate the milestones in the story of development from the Nehruvian Model to the liberalisation Model. (30 marks 2011)
  • "The market has become the new icon of developmentalism." Comment. (20 marks 2010)
  • Neither Edward Weidner nor Fred Riggs was able to describe the process of development administration adequately. Explain the drawbacks and weaknesses in their theoretical analyses. (30 marks 2011)
  • In organizational analysis, there is always gender around (Gouldner). Argue (10 marks 2013)
  • “For those who use the euphemism of ‘shared power’ for participation, the appropriate literature for guidance is practical politics and not organization and Management.” “Stronger state and strong civil society are the need to develop both participatory democracy and responsive government as mutually reinforcing and supportive.” Bring out the myths and realities associated with public participation. (20 marks 2013)
  • Economic reforms are a work in progress, with the state reluctant to fully relinquish its reins. Discussion of the statement with regard to the implementation of economic reforms in India . (15 marks 2013)
  • “The policy process was not structured in the way required by bureaucratic planning.” ”Arguably, instrumentalism now stands most in contrast to neo liberal nationality that impose market against both gradual change and democratic liberalism.” analyses these two statements. (20 marks 2013)
  • “The term Development Administration can be used only in a broad sense to mark the variety of approaches and points of view.” Discuss. (10 marks 2014)
  • “Self-Help Groups have not only empowered women, but have also brought about attitudinal change among all stakeholders towards women development.” Discuss. (15 marks 2014)
  • Show in what way the Gender and Development approach differs from the W oman and Development approach. (10 marks 2015)
  • “Self-Help Groups are considered as one of the most significant tools to adopt participatory approach for economic empowerment of women”. Comment. (10 marks 2016)
  • “The idea of development stands like a ruin in the intellectual landscape’ and “It is time to dismantle this mental structure”. (Wolfgang Sachs) In the light of the statement, Critically examine the anti- development thesis. (15 marks 2016)
  • “The problem is to achieve the right balance between a competitive market economy and an effective state: Markets where possible, the state where necessary.” Justify your answer. (15 marks 2016)
  • “Development Administration and Administrative Development have a chicken and egg kind of relationship”.-(Riggs) . Elaborate(10 marks 2017)
  • “Liberalization, Privatization and  Globalization  have transformed  the nature of development administration .” Discuss(20 marks 2017)
  • “Bureaucracy has inbuilt limitations to act as the prime catalyst to multi- faceted development in a democratic country”. Analyze this statement with appropriate examples(15 marks 2017)
  • "The issue of development of women is closely related to the issue of women in development." How can women become equal partners in the process of socio-economic development? (10 marks 2018)
  • "The process of administrative development is generally slower than the p economic development." How can the speed of administrative development be made faster ? (10 marks 2018)
  • In order to be development-oriented, bureaucracies need to be innovative, flexible, citizen- centric and result-oriented, but they are slow in imbibing these virtues in a democratic system. Do we need to go beyond the traditional models of bureaucracy and create alternative structures ? Elaborate. (20 marks 2018)
  • How does ethnocentrism impact development administration in achieving sustainable goals ? Argue with examples. (20 marks 2018)
  • Contractualism has become a favorite policy of the neoliberal forces, but now without its share of controversy. Argue. (10 Marks, 2019)
  • “Development dynamics is marked by a dilemma : the concept of development has a built-in participatory orientation but the practice of development has been inherently exclusionary.” Discuss. (20 Marks, 2019)
  • In a society marked by social inequity and gender inequality women self-help groups are bound to play a marginal role. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (20 Marks, 2019)
  • "Markets, hierarchies and networks represent modem governing structures in government." Explain.(10 Marks, 2020)
  • Affirmative action in socio-economic development has not altogether eliminated discrimination. Discuss it in the context of women empowerment.(15 Marks, 2020)
  • "Collaboration and its cognates for public service delivery need to be viewed from the governance lenses." Comment. (15 Marks, 2020)

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(E-Book) YOJANA MAGAZINE PDF - APR 2021

 (E-Book) YOJANA MAGAZINE PDF - APR 2021 

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  • E-BOOK NAME : YOJANA MAGAZINE PDF -APR 2021
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Content Table

  • हर घर और हर व्यक्ति को पानी (गजेन्द्र सिंह शेखावत)
  • जल सुरक्षा (सुरेश प्रभु)
  • जलवायु संकंट और पानी का भविष्यः भारतीय अनुभव (सनीता-नारायण)
  • सामाजिक क्रांति की दिशा में बढ़ते कदम (रतन लाल कटारिया)
  • जल शासन पंकज कुमार (कवर आलेख)
  • जल जीवन मिशन- हर घर जल (भरत लाल, मनोज कुमार साहू)
  • नदी संरक्षण के लिए अवसंरचना (राजीव रंजन मिश्रा)
  • भूजल प्रबंधन : एक आदर्श बदलाव (देवश्री मुखर्जी)
  • आगे बढ़ता स्वच्छता अभियान (अरुण बरोका)
  • तीव्र सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास और जल संरक्षण के लिए एकीकृत जल प्रबंधन (भरत लाल)
  • जल तक पहुंच, शिक्षा और अवसरों का खज़ाना (डॉ यास्मीन अली)
  • सुरक्षित पर्याप्त और स्थायी पेयजल (डॉ रोडेरिको एच ऑफरीन)
  • सुनिश्चित जलापूर्ति के लिए तकनीकी नवाचार (प्रदीप सिंह, सिद्धांत मस्सन)
  • नगरीय अनुभवों से सीखें गांव (अरुण तिवारी)
  • 'आज़ादी का अमृत महोत्सव' इंडिया 75 के पूर्वावलोकन कार्यकलापों का शुभारंभ,
  • योजना सही विकल्प

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Public Administration Papers Topic : Comparative Public Administration


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Comparative Public Administration


  • "No science of public administration is possible unless.... there is a body of comparative studies from which it may be possible to discover principles and generalities that transcend national boundaries and peculiar historical experiences." Discuss. (20 marks 2005)
  • "Not to be comparative is to be naively parochial" (Riggs). Comment. (20 marks 2007)
  • " ... non - western states often, if not always, have unbalanced politics, but these may not necessarily be bureaucratic politics." Discuss.     (20 marks 2009)
  • "Truly comparative administrative studies are empirical, nomothetic and ecological." (Riggs) In this perspective, examine the current status of Comparative Public Administration. (20 marks 2008)
  • Explain the meaning, significance and Models of Comparative Public Administration. (60 marks 2004)
  • "The Prismatic model of Riggs is equally applicable to developing as well as developed society." Comment. (20 marks 2010)
  • Which of the model(s) in development administration is/are characterised by 'Selectivism', 'Attainment' and 'Poly- functionalism'? Describe the corresponding theoretical roots and attributes. (30 marks 2009)
  • Comment on the reasons why universal theory remains elusive in comparative public administration. (20 marks 2012)
  • 'Rigg's classification of societies into fused, prismatic, and diffracted is built around the concept of differentiation.' Analyze. (15 marks 2012)
  • Comparative Public Administration both resembles and differs from modern organization theory. Elaborate (10 marks 2013)
  • What is Administrative elitism? How does it evolve in Public Administration? elaborate your response with reference to historical examples(10 marks 2013)
  • “….in most cases….newly independent states, of the nations of Africa, Asia and Latin America, despite their differences…are in transition.” (Ferrel Heady). What common features are indicative of characteristics of their Administrative patterns (cultures)? (15 marks 2013)
  • Critically examine the Riggsian concept of differentiation in the context of the post-globalization era. (10 marks 2014)
  • How does Ferrel Heady rationalize the three stages of development in comparative administration? (20 marks 2015)
  • “Riggs observed that three ‘trends’ Could be discerned in the comparative study of Public Administration.” Discuss. (10 marks 2016)
  • “The Riggsian models of Fusion –Prismatic-Diffracted Societies and their administrative systems have been inspired by Max Weber’s typology of Traditional Charismatic  Legal-Rational Authorities .” Analyze (20 marks 2017)
  • "Administrative systems across the world can be understood only in their respective historical and social contexts." Explain the statement giving examples. (20 marks 2018)
  • The failure to discard its elitist character and west-centric orientation has led to the decline of Comparative Public Administration. Explain. (10 Marks 2019)
  • "Comparative Public Administration started with no paradigm of its own and developed nane" Comment (10 Marks 2020)
  • "Administrative ideas must be seen in the context of environment in which they develop." In the light of the above statement, examine the influence of New Public Management and Information and Communication Technologies on comparative study of Public Administration.(20 Marks 2020)
     

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उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य GK प्रश्न (सेट -29) for UPPSC Exam

उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य GK प्रश्न (सेट -29) for UPPSC Exam

1. उत्तर प्रदेश में गोखलु बेराजै का निर्माण कब प्रारम्भ किया गया था ?

a. दिसंबर , 1990
b. जनवरी , 1992
c. अक्टूबर , 1990
d. सितम्बर 1991

2. उत्तर प्रदेश की सबसे लम्बी नहर कौन-सी है ?

a. ऊपरी गंगा नहर
b. शारदा नहर
c. आगरा नहर
d. निचली गंगा नहर

3. उत्तर प्रदेश में रानी लक्ष्मी बाई बाँध प्रयोजनकिनदी पर है ?

a. रामगंगा
b. भागीरथी
c. बेतवा
d. घघरा

4. उत्तर प्रदेश के किस्थान की सिचाई हेतु देवकली पम्प नहर परियोजना का कार्य प्रारम्भ किया गया ?

a. गाजीपुर
b. आगरा
c. मेरठ
d. वाराणसी

5. उत्तर प्रदेश में शारदा नहर प्रणाली का निर्माण कार्य किस वर्ष किया गया

a. 1925
b. 1930
c. 1928
d. 1940

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Model Questions for UPSC PRE CSAT PAPER SET - 57

Model Questions for UPSC PRE CSAT PAPER SET - 57

  Passage : Instruction for question- read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your answers to the questions should be based on the passage only.

           The Naxal dominated districts in India also hold the same distinction they not only have some of the worst human development as well as economy indicators in India but equally that the communities living there have been victims of injustice (Anayaya), as Amartya Sen would say, Some thing deeper and broader than niti & law. This has been the underlay for the armed conflict. The views of women, active in both the theoretical and practical processes of peacemaking, suggest the need to move beyond simply incorporating a ‘women’s perspective’ or claiming that their societal roles give them generic values in peace building. The argument of this paper is that it is only through building economically just and politically democratic system that enduring peace can be put on the ground, and that women’s particular experience of injustice, their reconstruction of economic reasoning, as well as their special location and experience in grass roots and community oriented wake, gives them both the intellectual and practical skills for building those peaceful spaces. In that sense Gandhi’s thought was that ‘the women of India should have as much share in wining swaraj as men. Probably in this peaceful struggle women can outride man by many a mile, is sophisticated and appropriate, for that she first posits equality of presence and then the firmness of women can outdistance men.

1. According to passage which is correct about armed conflict?

1. The affected communities have been subjected to injustice.
2. The affected communities have been brought under a broader law.

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

2. According to passage which is correct about armed conflict?

1. The affected communities have suffered injustice despite being under the protection of law
2. The affected communities live in the least developed areas of the country.

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

3. Choose the correct statement.

1. Women have key strengths that help build lasting peace.
2. The bedrock of enduring peace in and economically just and politically democratic system

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author.

(a) is arguing for a more active role for women in the peace building process.
(b) is arguing for the recognition of past achievements by women in the peace building process
(c) is arguing that women have a greater ability than men have in the process of peace building
(d) is arguing for the active participation of all minority groups in the peace building process.

5. Consider the following statements;

1. The Naxal dominated districts in India also have the worst human development
2. They are victims of Anaya, injustice.

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

Passage : Instruction for question- read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Your answers to the questions should be based on the passage only.

In a sense, 2012 has the potential to be call important milestone; As of January, it has been more than 12 months since India recorded its last case of poliomyelitis. If 2012 passes without this record being disturbed, India and the rest of the world would have made significant progress toward eradicating only the second human disease ever. As with small pox, the primary tool that is being employed is a highly effective Vaccine. It is because of their tremendous public value that the famous economist Jeffrey sachs once
called vaccines and other similar health interventions ‘weapons of mass salvation’. This potentially defining advancement in the battle against polio comes, coincidentally, at a moment
of reckoning for vaccines and immunization. In May 2011, ‘the decade of vaccines collaboration’ was lunched at the World Health Assembly. With a Variety of stakeholders- ranging from United Nations agency to multilateral bodies, national governments to philanthropic institutions- this efforts hopes to maximize the power and potential of vaccines over the next decade, and expect full benefits of immunization to everyone.

6. According to passage.

1. As of January 2011, it has been more than 12 months since India recorded its last case of poliomyelitis.
2. India can dramatically impact global immunization efforts this year.

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

7. According to passage.

1. The success in the battle against polio coincides with a moment of reckoning of vaccines and immunization
2. India has the largest number of immunized children in the world

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

8. The author considers 2012 to ‘ have the potential to be an important milestone’ because.

1. The year has been labeled as the ‘ year of intensification of routine immunization.
2. If no cases of poliomyelitis are recorded this year then significant progress will be achieved in eradicating the diseases.

Choose the correct option using codes

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1, nor 2

9. The year ‘2011’ was declared as

(a) Decade of polio vaccines
(b) Decade of vaccines
(c) Decade of small pox vaccines
(d) Decade of TB vaccines

10. India recorded its last polio case in

(a) 2012
(b) 2010
(c) 2011
(d) 2009

Answer:

1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (d) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (d) 10 (b)

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Public Administration Papers Topic : Administrative Law


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Administrative Law


  • "Delegated legislation is a necessary evil." Examine. (20 marks 2007) 
  • Delegated legislation is not absolute. Explain. (20 marks 2004)
  • "Today the content of administrative law is driven primarily by the scope of public administrative activity." Explain. (60 marks 2006)
  • "Today the content of administrative law is driven primarily by the scope of public administration activity." Explain. (60 marks 2005)
  • Do you think that there is an unresolved and often overlooked tension in Dicey's concept of rule of law, considering that the other principle of parliamentary sovereignty in English constitutional system runs counter to it ? (20 marks 2012)
  • Make a critical assessment of Dicey's understanding of the Rule of law and Droit Administratif. (15 marks 2011)
  • Make out a case for Delegated legislation. (15 marks 2011)
  • Would you agree that the strong Rechsstaat version of the rule of law found on the Continent never existed in England because of its particular history ? (20 marks 2012)
  • Why is Ie droit administratif regarded alongside the Napoleonic Code as the most notable achievement of French legal science ? (20 marks 2012)
  • Discuss the views that “tribunals should have the same degree of independence from the Executive as that enjoyed by the supreme court and high courts, especially for those tribunals that look over the functions of high courts. (10 marks 2013)
  • “The conceptual division between administrative and constitutional law is quite porous, and that along many dimensions, administrative law can be considered more constitutional in character than the constitutions.” How would you justify the statement? (10 marks, 2014)
  • “Delegated Legislation is a necessary evil.” Comment. (10 marks, 2015)
  • “Legislative action is not subject to the rules of natural justice.” Explain the exceptions to the rule of natural justice. (15 marks, 2015)
  • “The central concern of Administrative Law has been the legal limitation of administrative discretion.” Give reasons. . (15 marks, 2016)
  • “Administrative Law is recognized by its substance rather than its form .” Discuss(10 marks, 2017)
  • The principle of delegated legislation is, I think right, but I was emphasise that it is well for Parliament to keep a watchful and even zealous eye on it at all stages “- (Herbert Morrison ) Analyze. (15 marks, 2017)
  • "The Journey of Administrative Law has moved much beyond A. V. Dicey.” Comment. (10 marks, 2018)
  • “Delegated legislation has become a strategic tool in the hands of the executive despite its utility.” Comment. (10 Marks,2019) 
  • “Red light and Green light theories provide contrasting approaches to the role of administrative law.” Which of the two theories will be effective in achieving the objectives of administration law? Justify your choice. (15 Marks,2019) 
  • "Arbitrariness in the application of rule of law is a primary cause of poor governance." Discuss.(10 Marks,2020) 
  • "Developments in the field of Administrative Law reflect an increasingly blurred boundary between the state and society, and between justice and administration." Has administrative law become more constitutional than the Constitution itself? Argue (20 Marks,2020)

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Public Administration Papers Topic : Accountability and Control


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Accountability and Control


  • “Autonomy and Accountability in Public Enterprises cannot walk together” . Explain. (20 marks 2006)
  • Should media exposure be included in rules for administrative accountability in India ? State your views. (15 marks 2012)
  • ‘Media is a Parliament of citizen’s.Explain. (20 marks 2011)’
  • “Instruments of public accountability can be truly effective only if the people and their associations, backed by a responsible media, are assertively pro-active.” Comment (20 marks 2008)
  • Comment on the role of Civil Society in facilitating administrative accountability with special reference to the 'Jan lokpal' issue in India.  (15 marks 2012)
  • Define the term 'civil society'. How does civil society influence public policy? . (60 marks 2006)
  • Explain the basic principles underlying Citizen's Charter with special reference to  (60 marks 2010)

(a) its administrative philosophy.
(b) promoting public accountability.
(c) ensuring standards of public-service.

  • "Right to information promotes transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority." Explain. (60 marks 2007)
  • 'Open access to government records is ... the hallmark of a democratic government', but 'governments are not hesitant about destroying records - very deliberately - in order to prevent investigations, as well as to generally weaken accountability'. Do you think that in this situation right to information can go to the extent of demanding complete declassification and 'de - archivization' of government records? Argue.  (30 marks 2012)
  • “Governance theory and the notion of governmentality have many points of convergence, but they run on parallel lines.” Comment.(20 marks, 2014)
  • “The Right of Informal of not all about citizens’ empowerment, it essentially redefines the concept of accountability.” Discuss. (15 marks, 2014)
  • “Voluntary organizations have become tools of sensitization of governmental agencies.” Comment. (15 marks, 2014)
  • “Right from the days of the ‘Peoples’ Charter’ to the new concept of `Precariat Charter’, the concept of Citizen’s Charter and its scope is constantly evolving.” Comment. .(20 marks, 2015)
  • How far do you agree with the view that the growing influence of media comes in the way of agenda-setting by the Government? (15 marks, 2015)
  • “In spite of certain advantages, Social Audit arrangements have mostly been ineffective because there is no legal provision for punitive action.” (10 marks, 2016)
  • “The legislative control over administration is not as effective as it ought to be”.Comment.(15 marks, 2016)
  • “Civil Society performs a key role in defending people against the state and market and in asserting the democratic will to influence the State”. Analyze the statement with suitable.(15 marks, 2016)
  • Civil Society supplements and complements the State. However, its capacity and role depend upon the will of the State. Comment (15 marks, 2017)
  • When the media is controlled by vested interests, how can it control the vested interests in the government? How can the media become more responsible and impartial ? (15 marks, 2017)
  • Can it be said that statutory audit and social audit are two sides of the same coin? Or, are they separate coins with varying values? (15 marks, 2017)
  • "The political approach to Public Administration stresses on the values of representativeness, political responsiveness and accountability through elected officials to the citizenry" (David H. Rosembloom). Comment. (15 marks, 2018)
  • Edward Gibbon, the author of Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire remarked : "Corruption, the most infallible symptom of Constitutional liberty." Critically examine this statement. (10 marks, 2018)
  • “Media the Fourth estate is in chains.” Examine the statement in the context of governmental accountability. (15 Marks ,2019)

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Public Administration Papers Topic : Organizations


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Organizations


  • ‘The essence of the contingency theory paradigm is that organizational effectiveness results from fitting characteristics of the organization, such as its structure, to contingencies that reflect the situation of the organization.'Give your reactions to this statement’. (20 marks 2012)
  • In the light of your discussion on 3(b) (i) above, also show where and how this 'fitting' differs essentially from the 'coping' with 'stress' from the environment emphasized by the systems theory of organization. (20 marks 2012)
  • "There is no doubt the departmentalisation is fraught with complexities. These are in part technical, in part political." Discuss. (20 marks 2009)
  • "To claim that a company or a corporation form is always more effective than a departmental form of organization is an outdated view. The real test of a sound structure is its capacity to balance decisional autonomy and operational flexibility with optimal accountability." Critically examine this statement. (60 marks 2008)
  • Explain the impact of privatisation on public administration with special reference to (60 marks 2010) (a) the issue of user fees. (b) public - private partnership. (c) outsourcing technique.
  • "The distinction between line and staff relative rather than absolute." Discuss.   (20 marks 2007)
  • “To talk about the regulatory framework is to talk about short governance.” Analyze the statement in the context of public private partnership and identify the elements of regulation.(15 marks, 2013)
  • “Delegation to independent agencies has taken place in an interdependent process driven by emulation.” Discuss in the context of independent regulatory agencies in the modern regulatory State. (15 marks, 2014)
  • “PPPs serve too many parties and too many interests … to be focussed.” Identify in the context of the statement, the parties involved in Public-Private Partnerships and their conflicting aims. (15  marks, 2015)
  • “The autonomy of Public Corporations raised a great debate about their internal working and external relation with the Ministers and the Parliament.”(10 marks, 2016)
  • “If the Regulatory Commissions…..are wholly independent, they are completely irresponsible for the doing of very important policy determining and Administrative work ….. on the other hand, to rob the commissions of their independence is seriously to menace the impartial performance of their judicial work.” (Cushman) Examine. (20 marks, 2016)
  • ”Systems Theory” in essence  is not a theory , but an approach to the study of administrative phenomena .” Comment (15 marks, 2017)
  • Discuss the essential characteristics of public sector-centred and market-centred perspectives in Public Private Partnerships and also compare the two. (15 marks, 2018)
  • "An effective Management Information System (MIS) is the key to successful headquarter-field relationships."Comment. (15 marks, 2018)
  • “Form of an organisation influences the success of a public enterprise, but the choice of a form has always remained problematic." Discuss the statement in the context of the comparative merits and limitations of departments, corporations, companies and boards. Give illustrations. (20 marks, 2018)
  • “The advent of the regulatory regimes indicates the demise of the arbitrator state.” Comment. (15 Marks ,2019)
  • Contingency theory of organization is founded on the interplay of ‘external fit’ and ‘internal fit’. Discuss. (20 Marks,2019)
  • Departments, Boards and Commissions as forms of organization are dissimilar in the context of accountability and responsibility." Analyse. (10 Marks,2020)

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Public Administration Papers Topic : Administrative Behaviour


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Administrative Behaviour


  • Examine the respective roles of facts and values in the decision - making process. Is it possible to make value- free decisions in the government system ? How can government decisions be made more rational? (60 marks 2008)
  • What is meant by morale ? There is a belief that "moral and productivity go hand in hand and higher the morale, higher the productivity." Do you agree ? Substantiate. (60 marks 2007)
  • 'Man's motives ... in different subparts of the same organization may be different' [Edgar Schein]. Discuss. (12 marks 2012)
  • "Motivation theory is not synonymous with behaviour theory. The motivations are only one class of determinants of behaviour while behaviour is almost always motivated, it is also almost always biologically, culturally and situationally determined as well." Comment. (20 marks 2004)
  • Leadership is the' influential increment over and above    mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization' [Katz and Kahn]. Analyze. (12 marks 2012)
  • "Leaders do the right things, managers do them rightly." (Bennis) Comment. (20 marks 2008)
  • Read the following instances carefully and suggest what specific perspectives on organizational psychology of motivation would help the concerned organization to reconcile the needs of the following four persons with the needs of organization: (30 marks, 2013)
  • Mr.A comes to his office with clocklike punctuality; does his work with impeccable honesty and integrity; takes orders from above gladly; responds well to overtures by peers; but neither mixes with anyone himself nor seeks anyone’s company. What is more, he seems quite happy in his isolation.
  • Mr.B is an efficient charge hand at the welding shop. He is very outgoing and makes friends fast, but falls out with them very fast too. He is, however, easily pacified when anyone asks him to calm down in the name of the organization.
  • Mr.C is completely happy and absorbed when he is teaching in the classes, and doesn’t at all mind when his workload gets heavier and covers new areas. But he gets angry when the finance section raises objection about his medical bills; and is furious that the higher administration is yet to give him full tenure.
  • Mr.D is a metallurgist in the forge shop of the steel plan, and has received honors for his innovativeness in modifying conventional alloys. He also paints well and values his painting skills far more than his metallurgy and is extremely unhappy that company house journal did not finally carry his water sketch on its front cover.
  • “Karl Marx’s interpretation of bureaucracy was rooted in the history of the nature of the State.” Evaluate. (10 marks, 2014)
  • Is Peter Drucker justified in saying, “Management principles should not tell us what to do, but only tell us what not to do”? Comment. (10 marks, 2014)
  • How does the Strategic Contingencies Theory of organizational design deal with problems arising from sub-unit centrality and non-substitutability? (15 marks, 2014)
  • According to McGregor, “True professional help is not in playing God with the client, but in placing professional knowledge and skill at the client’s disposal”. In the light of the above, justify how theory Y is indicative and not prescriptive. (20 marks, 2014)
  • Do you agree with the view that the charismatic approach of the mid-1970s is a “new version” of the Classical Trait Theory of Leadership? Give reasons. (10 marks, 2015)
  • “Information constitutes the life-blood of the functioning of an organisation.” Explain the utility and significance of communication in decision-making.  (15 marks, 2015)
  • “Morale can drive an organization forward or can lead to employees” discontent, poor job performance and absenteeism”. (10 marks, 2016)
  • “Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y describe two contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in an organization.” Examine. (20 marks, 2016)
  • ”Blake and Mouton defined leadership styles based on two dimensions-concern for people and concern for production.” In the light of statement, discuss the Managerial Grid Model. Explain with reason which one of the styles is the best. (20 marks, 2016)
  • “Leaders do the right things; managers do them rightfully” –(Warren Bennis). Is this distinction by him valid ? Explain (10 marks, 2017)
  • “Abraham Maslow’s ‘ Hierarchy of Needs’ and  Frederick Herzberg’s “Two Factor Theory” have commonalities in the analysis  of human motivation .” Comment (15 marks, 2017)
  • The Participative Management  School of Argyris and Likert advocates democracy within the administrative system.Will this approach  be equally useful to developing countries with evolving  democracies?  (20 marks, 2017)
  • "A leader is a people's developer" (Napoleon). Which aspects of subordinates' development can be positively influenced by a leader ? Discuss. (10 marks, 2018)
  • “Herbert Simon's book Administrative Behavior presents a synthesis of the classical and behavioural approaches to the study of Public Administration." Explain. (10 marks, 2018)
  • Communication represents the “Nerves of Government" (Karl Deutsch). How can the communication system in the government be made more effective, responsive and motivational ? (20 marks, 2018)
  • "Chester Barnard's model of 'Contribution-Satisfaction Equilibrium' is still considered a logical model of organisational motivation." Do you agree? Give arguments. (15 marks, 2018)
  • “If there is ever to be a science of Public Administration it must derive from an understanding of man’s behavior”. Explain. (10 Marks,2019)
  • “Chester Barnard in ‘The Function of the Executive’ injected ‘the social’ in the study of organization. Explain in this context how the executive is expected to play a much greater role than a manager.” (10 Marks,2019) 
  • Performance information use is a form of organizational behaviour that is influenced by individual job, organizational and environmental factors." Critically analyse.(20 Marks,2020)

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(Notification) UPSC Indian Economic Service/Indian Statistical Service Examination (IES/ISS), 2021



Notification) UPSC Indian Economic Service/Indian Statistical Service Examination, 2021



No.12/2/2020-E.I(B) : A combined competitive examination for recruitment to Junior Time Scale of the Services mentioned in Para 2 below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission commencing from 16th July, 2021 in accordance with the Rules published by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation in the Gazette of India dated the 07th April, 2021. 

Post Details:

The Services to which recruitment is to be made on the results of this examination and the approximate number of vacancies in Junior Time Scale of the Services are given below :-
(i) Indian Economic Service - 15
(ii) Indian Statistical Service - 11

NOTE : 01 vacancy has been kept reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disabilities for Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Indian Statistical Service and no vacancy has been kept reserved for the Persons with Benchmark Disabilities for  the Indian Economic Service by the Government through IES/ISS Exam, 2021.

Minimum Educational Qualifications :

(a) A candidate for the Indian Economic Service must have obtained a Post-Graduate Degree in Economics/Applied Economics/Business Economics/Econometrics from a University incorporated by of an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other Educational Institutes established by an Act Parliament or declared to be deemed as University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or a Foreign University approved by the Central Government from time to time.

(b) A candidate for the Indian Statistical Service must have obtained a Bachelor's Degree with Statistics/Mathematical Statistics/Applied Statistics as one of the subject or a Master's degree in Statistics/Mathematical Statistics/Applied Statistics from a University incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other Educational Institutes established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or a Foreign University approved by the Central Government from time to time. 

Public Administration Papers Topic : Administrative Thought


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Administrative Thought


  • In what respects is Taylor's 'Scientific Management' or classical motivational theory different from the classical organizational theory expounded by Gulick,Urwick etc? (15 marks 2012)
  • What light does Antonio Gramsci's critique of Taylorism throw on its socio - psychological underpinnings? (15 marks 2012)
  • 'In the canonization of this abstract idea of 'StaatSraison' are inseparably woven the sure instincts of the bureaucracy for the conditions which preserve its own power in the State' [Weber). Explain. (12 marks 2012)
  • "Taylor's contribution was not a set of general principles for organising work efficiency, but a set of operating procedures that could be employed in each concrete situation to secure their application." (20 marks 2009)
  • "Taylor's scientific management ignored social and psychological factors." Comment. (20 marks 2007)
  • Weber's ideas of impersonal detachment and esprit de corps are incompatible. Explain. (60 marks2004)
  • "Weberian model of bureaucracy lacks empirical validity when applied to modern democratic administration." Examine. (20 marks 2003)
  • Consider the statements below: (i) "Technically, the bureaucracy represents the purest type of legal-rational authority."; (ii) "Bureaucracy does not represent the only type of legal authority." Identify the theoretical context and analyse the above statements. (30 marks 2009)
  • "Bureaucracy can exist only where the whole service of the state is removed. from the common political life of the people; its chiefs as well as rank and file. Its motives, its objectives, its. policy, its standards must be bureaucratic." - Discuss. (20 marks 2004)
  • Explain the 'Peter Principle' in respect of promotion policy in a hierarchical organisation. (20 marks 2010)
  • Discuss the main approaches to increase the efficiency of government and public administration. (60 marks 2006)
  • Critically examine the Classical Science of Administration with special reference to its criticism by Dwight Waldo and Robert Dahl.  (60 marks 2006)
  • "The failure of classical science of administration lies in its capacity to confront theory with evidence." Discuss. (20 marks 2005)
  • Critically examine conflict resolution according to M. P. Follett. Explain how McGregor took forward her ideas to the context of complex organizations. (30 marks 2011)
  • "Mary Parker Follett was far ahead of her times." Discuss. (20 marks 2008)
  • "The main problem with Mary Parker Follett's work is that her idealism is showing". Explain. (20 marks 2006)
  •  In Follett's view, "authority belongs to the job and stays with the job." Explain. (20 marks 2005)
  • To what extent has the human relations movement contributed to the knowledge and. practice within the field of personnel administration? (60 marks 2006)
  • "The Barnard - Simon Theory of Organisation is essentially a theory of motivation." Comment. (20 marks 2009)
  • "Organisation is a system of consciously coordinated   activities or forces of two or more persons." Comment. (20 marks 2005)
  • 'Three features characterize Simon's original view of bounded rationality : search for alternatives, satisfying, and aspiration adaptation.' Elucidate.  (20 marks 2012)
  • "Simon's identifying decision - making as the core field of public administration appears logically acceptable but his positivist underpinning is problematic." Critically examine the statement. (40 marks 2010)
  • "Simon's work has had major implications for the study of public administration and the practice of public administration professionalism." Comment. (20 marks 2006)
  • "In McGregor's view, the managerial cosmology meaningfully addresses the understanding of manager and his role perceptions." Explain. (20 marks 2010)
  • 'The successful management leaders are found in Likert's 'System - 4' approach to organisational leadership." Examine. (20 marks 2010)
  • Analyse McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Do you agree with the view that with every passing year, McGregor's message has become more relevant and more important ? Substantiate your answer. (60 marks 2007)
  • The theory of organizational incompetence has two separate and distinct faces. Examine Chris Argyris’ views on this. (10 marks, 2013)
  • In the globalized Public Administration, hierarchy creates more ethical problems than it solves. Comment (10 marks, 2013)
  • “The design of physical structures, the anatomy of the organization came first, and was indeed the principle consideration.” “An organization is a system of interrelated social behaviors of participants” Analyses these statements and evaluate the contribution of the respective approach to Administrative theory. (25 marks, 2013)
  • Decisions are not made by organizations, but by human beings behaving as the members of organizations. How do Bernard and Herbert A. Simon conceptualize the relation between decision of the individual employee and the organizational authority? (20 marks, 2013)
  • What is the nature of psychological contract pursued by organizational management through authority and employees through exertion of upward influence?  (15 marks, 2013)
  • Structure theory is by and large, grounded in classical principles of efficiency, effectiveness and productivity. (25 marks, 2013)
  • “Adaptive, problem-solving, temporary systems of diverse specialists, linked together by coordinating executives in an organic flux – this is the original form that will gradually replace bureaucracy.” Discuss, in the light of this statement, the ‘end of bureaucracy’ thesis and its strengths and limitations. (10 marks, 2014)
  • “Taylor’s ideas need modification in the context of post-industrial economies in contemporary era.” Justify with reasons. (15 marks, 2014)
  • “The notion of informal organization is a residual of cafeteria concept of diverse and sprawling contents.” How does Gouldner establish the need for understanding the inter digitations between the ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ organization? (15 marks, 2014)
  • “Contemporary Organisational theory seems further afield of Chester Barnard’s Functions of the Executive than of organisational ecology.” Examine the statement in the light of ecological elements in Barnard’s thought. (15 marks, 2015)
  • “Follett’s work was not directed towards the resolution of the conflict of ideas, but towards the resolution of structural conflicts between workers and capitalists.” In the light of the statement critically evaluate Follett’s idea of dynamic administration. (20 marks, 2015)
  • “Weberian model of bureaucracy lacks emotional validity when applied to modern democratic administration.” Comment. (15 marks, 2015)
  • “Taylorism is considered very controversial despite its popularity.” (Stephen P. Waring) Comment. (10 marks, 2016)
  • “Bureau-Shaping Model has been developed as a response to the Budget-Maximizing Model.” (15 marks, 2016)
  • “What is distinctive about the Classical and Human Relations Schools of thought administration is their complementarity  to each other “. Analyse (10 marks, 2017)
  • “Conflict is the appearance of differences –the difference of opinion and of interest”. (Mary Parker Follet). Comment(10 marks, 2017)
  • “Executive position imply a complex morality and require a high capacity of responsibility” – (Chester Bernand). Comment (15 marks, 2017)
  • "The concepts of rationality and efficiency are intertwined in the bureaucratic analysis of Max Weber." Comment. (10 marks, 2018)
  • Dwight Waldo in his book, The Administrative State emphatically mentions that the roots of administrative theory lie in political theory. Critically examine Waldo's contention. (20 marks, 2018)
  •  “Bureau pathology denigrates competence in organization.” Explain. (10 Marks,2019)
  • Mary Parker Follett traced the foundational value of business and enterprise on her way to understand the organism of governmental machinery. Comment. (15 Marks,2019)
  • Principles of analysis and principles of action were not differentiated in Taylor's scientific management. Comment.(10 Marks,2020)
  • Administrative man bridges the psychological man and the rational man. Explain.(10 Marks,2020)
  •  "Organizations of the future will be organic-adaptive structures but temporary systems." Discuss how Warren Bennis characterizes the new form of organization.(15 Marks,2020)
  • "Productivity is not the result of working conditions but the result of emotional response of workers to work performed." Are Elton Mayo's findings relevant in contemporary organizations? (15 Marks,2020)
  • Performance information use is a form of organizational behaviour that is influenced by individual job, organizational and environmental factors." Critically analyse. (20 Marks,2020)

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Public Administration Papers Topic :  Introduction


Public Administration Papers Topic :  Introduction


  • "The Study of Administration should start from the base of management rather than the foundation of law," Explain. (20 marks, 2010)
  • "Public and Private Administrations are two species of the same genius, but also have special values and techniques of their own." Comment (20 marks, 2007)
  • "If public administration is to play a major Legitimising role in governing our complex society, It needs to be more fully conceptualised." Discuss (20 marks, 2006)
  • "The field of Public Administration is a field of business." (Woodrow Wilson). (20 marks, 2009). Q.5 "Calling Woodrow Wilson,the father of Public Administration is doing injustice to equally or even more eminent contributions made prior to him." Comment (20 marks, 2008)
  • "Administrative questions are not political questions." Discuss (20 marks, 2005)
  • How would you trace the development of Public Administration in terms of paradigms from the politics /administration dichotomy of 1900-1926 to the rise of Public Administration as Public Administration after the formation of the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) in the USA in 1970? (30 marks 2012)
  • In the evolution of the discipline of Public Administration. Minnowbrook Conference 1,2 and 3 reflect the discipline's reconceptualisation and its changing values. Elucidate. (30 marks 2011)
  • From Woodrow Wilson to Herbert Simon most writers on administration have taken the achievement of efficiency as the central objective. Justify the statement with references to the work of major writers. (60 marks 2009)
  • Give an account of major landmarks in the growth of the discipline of Public Administration in the20th Century. What are the possible trends in its growth in the first decade of the 21st century ? (60 marks 2003)
  • "The advent of the concept of "roll back of the state" since the nineteen eighties has been altering the role of Public Administration but certainly not diminishing its central place in human society." Discuss. (60 marks 2003)
  •  "New Public Administration is a revolution or radicalism in words, and (at best) status-quo in skills or technologies." (20 marks 2009)
  • It is said that "the perspective of public administration, developed over a century, with a tradition of management of public institutions and services has received a jolt from the novelty of New Public Management". Bring out the core values, approaches and assumptions of traditional public administration and show how the New Public Management has attempted to change or retain them,and to what extent. (60 marks 2009)
  •  In the last two decades, almost all countries of the world have experienced transformations in their administrative systems." Explain this phenomenon with examples from the developed and the developing nations in the context of New Public Management Movement .  (60 marks 2008)
  • Civil Servants must be social moralists in action,living up  to Paul Appleby's dictum that 'responsible government is ethical government'. Examine this statement in the light of good governance. (30 marks 2011)
  • "Not merely governance but good governance is the key factor in achieving the United Nations Millennium Goals." Explain.  (20 marks 2010)
  •  Democracy and good governance are contradictions in terms. Discuss with examples (60 marks 2004)
  • ‘On a more sophisticated plane public choice is concerned with "Pareto optimality", or at least with "Pareto improvements".’ Comment. (12 marks 2012)
  • Whereas Downs' model is largely dependent on a theory of psychological motivation, Niskanen's model is framed by neoclassical thinking.
  • In the light of the above, discuss the public choice approach to decision-making. (30 marks 2011) 
  • How did the traditional Public Administration resolve the fundamentally irresolvable problem- creating an administration strong enough to be effective but not strong enough to endanger accountability? (10 marks, 2013)
  •  New Public Administration may have neither been the savior its enthusiasts promised, nor the devil its critics worried it would be. Discuss.(25 marks, 2013)
  • Public Administration in the neo-liberal era is government less by the instruments of accountability and more by those of external accountability Elaborate (10 marks, 2013)
  • A variety of different organizational arrangements can be used to provide different public goods and services. Example the theory underlying this proposition and its potential contribution. (15 marks, 2013)
  • Public interest is still inadequate as a ground concept to evaluate public policy. (25 marks, 2013)
  • What are the implications of the post-structuralism perspective on the discrete aspects of Public Administrations, coming from its epistemological positions? (10 marks, 2014)
  • “New Public Management and post-New Public Management reforms initiatives have affected the balance between managerial, political, administrative, legal, professional and social accountability.” Analyze. (20 marks, 2014)
  • Waldo’s The Administrative State’ provides a fundamental challenge to some of the orthodox premises. Explain. (10 marks, 2015)
  • Discuss how the Public Choice Theory promotes the concept of ‘Steering’ and undermines the concept of ‘Rowing’ in visualising efficient and effective administration. (10 marks, 2015)
  • “Globalisation has transformed the nature and character of State from traditional administrative Welfare State to a Corporate State.” Analyse the changes in the nature of public administration in this context. (20 marks, 2015)
  • “Public Administration is the translation of politics into the reality that citizens see   every day.”(Donald F. Kettl and James W . Fesler) Explain. (10 marks, 2016)
  • “The New Public Administration has seriously jolted the traditional concepts and outlook of the discipline and enriched the subject by imparting wider perspective by linking it closely to the society.” (Felix A. Nigro and Lloyd G. Nigro) Elucidate. (15 marks, 2016)
  • “Good governance is ensuring respect for human rights and strengthening democracy, promoting transparency and capacity in Public Administration.” (Kofi Annan) In the light of the statement, critically examine the criteria of good governance as provided by the United Nations and Nayef Al- Rodhan. (15 marks, 2016) 
  • Even after 130 years of its publication, Woodrow Wilson’s essay “The Study of Administration” continues to  have great relevance even today.” Comment (10 marks, 2017)
  • New Public Management has been branded by certain  scholars as ‘Neo-Taylorism’ . Is it a justified comparison? What factors have led to the decline of NPM as soon after its birth (20 marks, 2017)
  • “With every major transformation  in the applied world of Public Administration , the study of Public Administration  has grown in scope and intensity.” Discuss the relationship between the evolution of the discipline and profession of Public Administration. (15 marks, 2017)
  • "The scope of the discipline of Public Administration is determined by what an administrative system does." Does it mean that the scope of this discipline is boundaryless ? Explain. (10 marks, 2018)
  • “New Public Service approach is an improvement over its predecessor, New Public Management." Discuss. (10 marks, 2018)
  • “The Phenomenological Approach advocated by the New Public Administration has obstructed the path of theory building in Public Administration." Comment. (15 marks, 2018)
  • "Political and administrative systems have reciprocal relationships.” Discuss. (15 marks, 2018)
  • “Public Administration is constantly being reinvented because it is contextual.” Elaborate. (10 Marks, 2019)
  • With the entry of the concept of ‘good governance’ the discipline of Public Administration has shed its statist character. Explain. (15 Marks, 2019)
  • Has New Public Management failed in promoting a democratic polity? Analyze in the contexts of individuals as a citizen and individuals as a customer. (15 Marks, 2019)
  • “Globalization has constructed the administrative state to save and serve corporate power structure.” Discuss how transnational corporations impact government and public administration in the contemporary era. (20 Marks, 2019)
  • "The strength of Public Administration is in its exploration of the complexities and nuances of public policy making and implementation." Discuss. (10 Marks, 2020) (10 Marks, 2020)
  • The movement towards governance as an organizing concept for public administration and management is because the focus of administration has been shifting from the bureaucratic state to the 'hollow state' and 'third-party government. Critically examine. (20 Marks, 2020)
  • New Public Service emphasizes democracy and citizenship as the basis for public administration theory and practice. Elucidate. (20 Marks, 2020)
  • "Accountability under New Public Management has undergone a radical change, although the focus has continued to remain on management." Comment (20 Marks, 2020)

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Public Administration Mains 2020 : Solved Paper-2 (Question: 2)



Public Administration Mains 2020 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-2)



Section A

  • Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
  • Marks: 250
  • Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Q2.(a) District administration is the most important unit in governance. Most of the Central and State Government schemes and programmes are directed towards the district administration. In this context, discuss the challenges and problems posed to the district administration.

ANSWER: ONLY FOR COURSE MEMBERS

(b) The structural part of the Constitution of India is to a large extent derived from the Government of India Act, 1935, whereas its philosophical part has many other sources. Discuss the sources of the philosophical part.

Like  other  Constitutions, the  Indian Constitution also commences with a preamble, which reflects the aspirations and expectations of the people of India. Notably, the Indian Constitution has set up parliamentary democracy of the type established by the Federal Constitutions of Canada and A u s tr al ia . Nevertheless, this idealized notion, forming part of the motto of “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” of the French Revolution has special relevance for a multi-racial and polity- a religious country like India. It would be clear from the foregoing description that the preamble of the Indian Constitution provides a framework of ideas and values for the Indian administration. Since the responsibility of enforcing the Constitution is that of the government,  it is expected of the administrative system, which is an integral component of the executive branch of government, to facilitate the application of the ideals of liberty, equality, justice, socialism and secularism in the governance of the country. Not only need governmental laws and politics reflect these interrelated ideas, but the functioning of the administrative system, including the attitudinal orientations and behaviour of administrators, should manifest these ideals and values. In an ideal-typical situation, the nature and performance of the administrative system would be judged in the context of the values forming its context. Nevertheless, any such appraisal will have to be realistic enough, taking into account the limitations imposed by a complex and volatile environment affecting administration.

(c) The public services in India are an evolution of the British Raj. Trace the Indianization of the services.

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Online Course for Public Administration for IAS Mains

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Gist of The Hindu:APRIL 2021

Gist of The Hindu: APRIL 2021

Caracal

  • The National Board for Wildlife and Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change last month included the caracal in the list of critically endangered species.
  • It is medium-sized wildcat found in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
  • Its earliest evidence in subcontinent comes from a fossil dating back to Indus Valley civilisation.
  • It is also found in Africa, Middle East, Central and South Asia. While it flourishes in parts of Africa, its numbers in Asia are declining.
  • It finds mention in Abul Fazl’s Akbarnama, as a hunting animal in the time of Akbar.
  • IUCN lists Caracals under Least concern due to large numbers in Africa.

Saras Aajeevika Mela 2021

  • Inaugurated by Union Agriculture Minister the Saras Aajeevika Mela 2021 is underway at Noida Haat.It will continue till 14th March. 
  • The fair remains open from 11 AM to 8 PM daily. More than 300 rural self-help groups and craftsman from 27 states are participating in the Mela which is being by the Ministry of Rural Development.

India, China foreign ministers to set up hotline

  • The foreign ministers of India and China have agreed to establish a new hotline to ensure “timely communication” in the wake of last year's border crisis, but differed sharply on the way forward to restore relations.

Border crisis impact

  • Underlining how both sides have viewed differently the impact of the border crisis on the broader relationship, Mr. Wang said “there has been some wavering and back-pedalling in India's China policy”, because of which “practical cooperation between the two countries has been affected.”

India’s stand

  • India made it clear to China that it is not realistic to insulate the relationship from the boundary crisis, and emphasised that in its view, peace on the border is a prerequisite for the rest of the relationship to develop. 
  • China, however, has hit out at India’s economic measures, such as banning Chinese apps and stricter curbs on investment following last year’s tensions, viewing India’s “whole of government” approach as going against a past consensus of containing differences while cooperating elsewhere.

Ketoprofen

  • Recently, Bangladesh banned painkiller ketoprofen.
  • It became the first country to ban any of the drugs now known to be toxic to vultures since the previous veterinary diclofenac ban more than 10 years ago.
  • Ketoprofen is painkiller which is used widely to treat the cattle.
  • Diclofenac and ketoprofen are Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) which are the primary threats to the vultures of South Asia and responsible for the catastrophic 99.9% declines of white-rumped vultures in the region.
  • In India, diclofenac drug was banned by the Drug Controller General of India in 2006.

Bond yield

  • Rising yields on government securities or bonds in the United States and India have triggered concern over the negative impact on other asset classes, especially stock markets, and even gold. 
  • The yield on 10-year bonds in India moved up from the recent low of 5.76% to 6.20% in line with the rise in US yields, sending jitters through the stock market, where the benchmark Sensex fell 2,300 points last week.

Why do bond yields rise?

  • Bond yield is the return an investor gets on that bond or on a particular government security. 
  • The major factors affecting the yield is the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India, especially the course of interest rates, the fiscal position of the government and its borrowing programme, global markets, economy, and inflation. 
  • A fall in interest rates makes bond prices rise, and bond yields fall — and rising interest rates cause bond prices to fall, and bond yields to rise. 
  • In short, a rise in bond yields means interest rates in the monetary system have fallen, and the returns for investors (those who invested in bonds and govt securities) have declined.
  • Bond yields play a big role in foreign portfolio investment (FPI) flow. Traditionally, when bond yields rise in the US, FPIs move out of Indian equities. 
  • Also, it has been seen that when the bond yield in India goes up, it results in capital outflows from equities and into debt.

Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code Rules 2021

  • Government notifies Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021.
  • The rules have been framed in exercise of powers under section 87 (2) of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and in supersession of the earlier Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules 2011.
  • Part- II of these Rules shall be administered by Ministry of Electronics and IT, while Part-III relating to Code of Ethics and procedure and safeguards in relation to digital media shall be administered by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

Salient features:

  • Due Diligence to Be Followed by Intermediaries: The Rules prescribe due diligence that must be followed by intermediaries, including social media intermediaries. In case, due diligence is not followed by the intermediary, safe harbour provisions will not apply to them.
  • Grievance Redressal Mechanism: The Rules seek to empower the users by mandating the intermediaries, including social media intermediaries, to establish a grievance redressal mechanism for receiving resolving complaints from the users or victims.
  • Ensuring Online Safety and Dignity of Users, Especially Women Users: Intermediaries shall remove or disable access withing 24 hours of receipt of complaints of contents that exposes the private areas of individuals, show such individuals in full or partial nudity or in sexual act or is in the nature of impersonation including morphed images etc. 
  • Two Categories of Social Media Intermediaries: To encourage innovations and enable growth of new social media intermediaries without subjecting smaller platforms to significant compliance requirement, the Rules make a distinction between social media intermediaries and significant social media intermediaries. 
  • The Rules will come in effect from the date of their publication in the gazette, except for the additional due diligence for significant social media intermediaries, which shall come in effect 3 months after publication of these Rules.

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Public Administration Mains 2020 : Solved Paper-2 (Question: 1)

Public Administration Mains 2020 : Solved Paper Question Paper-2 (Question-1)

Section A

  • Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains Public Administration (Paper-II)
  • Marks: 250
  • Time Allowed: 3 Hours
     

Q1. Answer the following in about 150 words each :

(a)  Mughal administration incorporated a combination of Indian and extra-Indian elements. Discuss. (Paid)

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(b)  There is a constant and continuous collision between bureaucratic values and democratic values which adversely affects development. Do you agree? Elaborate. (Free)

In most western Countries bureaucracy and democracy developed almost simultaneously. Thus the role of bureaucracy in a democracy is problematic because this is precisely one of the areas in which the democratic rules of the game are ill-defined, ambiguous, self-contradictory and controversial. The popular identification of bureaucracy with oppression cannot be taken lightly, since the extension of governmental functions has frequently curbed and sometimes obliterated the freedom of the individual. Yet, there is also much evidence to show that it has furthered the cause of freedom. Different scholars have approached the problem of overpowering bureaucracy’s threat to democracy in different ways. Some safeguards have already been referred to while discussing bureaucracy vis-a-vis democracy in developing societies. Some other scholars suggest ‘representative bureaucracy’ or ‘balanced bureaucracy’ or participatory bureaucracy’ as desirable structures to safeguard democracy.

(c)  Parliamentary committees are at the deliberative core of parliamentary work which is crucial for resining legislations. Elucidate.

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(d)  Considering India's diversity, the planning pattern of 'one-size-fits-all' was discarded in favour of indicative planning. To what extent has it been useful to India?

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(e)  Even if all the States combine together, they cannot have their way decision-making in the GST Council, unless the Union agrees to it. Analyse this from the perspective of federalism in India.

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Current Public Administration Magazine (MARCH 2021)


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1. Accountability and Responsibility

  • Homes, classrooms should be realms of gender-sensitive conditioning

As women, we may have a fascination for pink and orange over blue. After years of working in the social development sector, we reflected upon how and why we developed a liking for these colours and not so much for the other. We asked young men around, and heard back, ―because that is how it is — boys prefer blue and girls prefer pink‖. That was not convincing enough.

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2. Indian Government and Politics

  • Education for civic reconstruction

Avijit Pathak, Professor of Sociology at JNU, in a recent article (‗Where the student is without fear‘, IE,February 27) laments the suppression of the spirit of critical thinking, questioning and disagreeing, in our classrooms at all levels, especially in institutions of higher learning.

Conformity, caution, and above all, fear, hang heavy like dark clouds over these centres of learning, which should ideally train young minds to think, understand, and actively work towards building a better society. This is the vision that inspired many great thinkers like Rabindranath Tagore and J C Bose, the poet and the scientist, to create institutions of higher learning where nationalism and nation-building rested on the foundations of creative ideas and experiments, in the service of all humanity, where the mind was without fear. The raison d‘être of education is to enrich and inspire young minds towards higher goals, encompassing all knowledge, whether traditional or modern, or beyond regional and national boundaries. 

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3. Social Administration

  • Development with Beloning

Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and the general global slowdown, unemployment has become a major concern worldwide. The state of Haryana, too, has been unable to escape the wrath of this economic crisis. However, as the world‘s economies struggle to bounce back, Haryana has been taking steady strides towards change and development.

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4. Current Topic

  • The chilling effect of new IT rules

Online video streaming platforms have marked a new dawn for the Indian entertainment industry, providing choices beyond soap operas and formulaic storylines characteristic of traditional mediums like cinema and television that were designed for more public and family-oriented forms of consumption. However, the spectre of government regulation and criminalisation haunts this fledgling industry which has been fighting off attacks to its creative freedom on multiple fronts. While most recent conversation has focused on the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 notified by the central government on February 25, busybodies have been trying to censor online video streaming platforms by petitioning the courts for a long time 

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5. Financial Administration

  • The police is deservedly proud of its work during Covid

When the lockdown was announced in March last year to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus, the police were required to implement the directions of the government. While we are mentally trained to deal with any emergency, the pandemic was a different ball game for the police, primarily a law enforcement agency. It had to enforce lockdown restrictions, social distancing norms, the wearing of masks, and provide succour to those in need. 

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Current Public Administration Magazine (FEBRUARY 2021)


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1. Accountability and Responsibility

  • Why Opposition must not only oppose

For anyone who cares about Indian democracy, the most important priority right now should be to restore political contestation for the power of the Indian state. Ultimately, what matters for the preservation of democracy is the distribution of power among competing factions — not the ideological or moral purity of the stakeholders. It is this political contestation that provides the context, backing and pressure for institutions of democracy to function as a countervailing power to the executive and thus allow multiple voices and narratives to coexist. It‘s not that the constitutional framework and moral rectitude are irrelevant, but institutions of democracy work only when political power is factionalised; else they are captured, overruled, bypassed or undermined. 

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2. Indian Government and Politics

  • Across the aisle: Coalitions are collaborations

There was a time when an idea or an ideology was a strong bond that brought together people from different states, speaking different languages, professing different faiths, born in different castes and belonging to different economic classes of society. Political parties were founded on the basis of an idea or an ideology. The foremost example in India is the Indian National Congress started in 1885.

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3. Social Administration

  • Gender Crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic‘s role in amplifying gender inequality has exacerbated one of the toughest challenges to the India story. Women are being pushed out of the workforce at an alarming rate, as several economic surveys and a special series of reports in this newspaper have highlighted. Women‘s labour participation rate in India was worryingly low to start with. But the economic blow of the pandemic has fallen disproportionately hard on women, with the female labour participation rate falling from around 11 per cent between mid-2018 and early 2020 to 9 per cent, according to data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). By November 2020, 49 per cent of total job losses were of women, who were already present in fewer numbers in the workforce. Again, while India was an outlier in the distressingly low levels of female urban workforce participation, the devastation of service sectors and the textile industry, which tend to employ more women, has battered urban women incomes. 

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4. Current Topic

  • Lateral Entry: A challenging administrative reform

The lack of administrative reform in India has frustrated many stakeholders for a long time. Occasionally, it finds a voice at the highest levels, most recently when, during a speech in Parliament, Prime Minister Modi complained about the overreach of the elite IAS cadre. Unsurprisingly, one of the key focus areas of such reform is enabling lateral entry into an otherwise ―permanent‖ system of administrators. But the success of lateral entry hinges entirely on how it is designed. 

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5. Indian Administration

  • The Election Commission of India was built on public trust

On March 15, the Citizens‘ Commission on Elections (CCE), chaired by retired Supreme Court judge Madan B Lokur, which examines critical aspects of conducting elections, released the second part of its report. Titled ―An Inquiry into India‘s Election System,‖ the report evaluated the integrity and inclusiveness of the electoral rolls, increasing criminalisation, the use of financial power to create an economic oligarchy, compliance with the model code of conduct, the role of media, particularly social media and the overall electoral process. 

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Current Public Administration Magazine (JANUARY 2021)


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1. Accountability and Responsibility

  • How internet shutdowns damage democracy

Most of the activities that started as pen-paper exercises have now turned digital. From operations of small businesses to meetings, from food delivery to banking, there is some digital touch in everyone’s life. Who would have imagined, even two decades ago, that even media houses would be glued to Twitter accounts of Presidents for major announcements? I strongly believe that the element of digital has provided a platform to millions who feel more valued and more heard. I was surprised to discover that there is a term for the fear of being without a mobile device: nomophobia. There was even a joke doing rounds on social media as COVID-19 brought the world to a sudden halt: “Who brought the digital transformation in your organization?” The answer was not the CEO or the CTO but COVID-19. 

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2. Indian Government and Politics

  • Governing Delhi requires will to uphold Constitution — not alter it

On the face of it, the amendment to the National Capital Territory Act 1991 was introduced in Parliament to give effect to a July 2018 judgement of a 5-judge constitutional bench. While purporting to do so, the Bill has, in fact, planted several curbs on the functioning of the legislative assembly of Delhi as well as its council of ministers. The Supreme Court, without striking one single note of dissent or dissonance in a 536-page order, clause by clause, had clarified the difference between the constitutional arrangement designed for Delhi and that available for any other Union Territory.

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3. Social Administration

  • Lessons from Tagore for India’s post-pandemic education policy

As the COVID-19 pandemic refuses to die down, with a renewed resurgence causing devastation across the world, a global concerted effort where the technological advancement in the West has enabled the production of a vaccine to be utilised by the rest of the world, has once again highlighted the need for international cooperation. This, at a time when more and more nations were turning inwards. This inwardlooking policy making of nations does more harm than good. It has been forecast by some that the coronavirus might be a permanent reality. In this scenario, the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) needs to be revised. 

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4. Current Topic

  • Make every drop of water count for sustainable agriculture

On World Water day (March 22) Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the “Catch the Rain” campaign under the government’s flagship programme, Jal Shakti Abhiyan. He emphasised the importance of using every penny spent under MGNREGA to conserve water. This is a laudable objective. But what is the state of our water resources? How can we ensure that everyone has access to safe drinking water, while industry and agriculture also get sufficient supplies to produce enough to meet the country’s demands? These issues demand close attention.

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5. Financial Administration

  • Why privatising public assets is poor economics, impetus to greater wealth inequality

The government has adduced no reasons for the proposed privatisation of several public sector assets other than to generate resources for its spending. Let us see what such a fiscal strategy involves. Nobody buys public sector assets by skimping on consumption. Nor does one buy such assets by skimping on investment: Current investment expenditure depends on decisions taken in the past and is more or less pre-determined. It is only investment decisions that are taken today for fructification tomorrow that may be scaled down by such a purchase; and if investment decisions taken today are scaled-down, then it is an authentic case of “crowding out” and such a strategy should be avoided anyway. 

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Current Public Administration Magazine (DECEMBER 2020)


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1. Accountability and Responsibility

To remain leader of ‘free world’, America must demonstrate commitment to values of its own Constitution

At the time of writing this column, the final and official result of the race to the White House is not yet known. The race, it seems, is headed for a photo finish. The numbers may be close but the consequences would be wide apart — for the people of the United States and people living in plural democracies threatened by majoritarianism. 

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2. Indian Government and Politics

Free speech is a basic right that empowers marginalised lives

The horrific beheading of the French teacher, Samuel Paty, has once again laid bare the fault lines of free speech. Tabish Khair‘s piece (‗Lost in Paris‘, IE, October 30) represents one such crack. Khair‘s piece is a crying appeal against those who kill in the name of their gods and ideas, to not kill. Do not kill or afflict injury to bodies that bear contrarian ideas, he seems to be saying. And he is right — how can he not be?

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3. Social Administration

  • What is Worth of Women’s Household Work

Rs 1,000, Rs 1,500, Rs 2,000, or Rs 15,000 (―with skilling‖) per month. What is the worth of a woman‘shousehold work? As parties, all led by men, rush out these doles in manifestos this election in a bit of amazingly un-ironic coincidence, for that half of the world euphemistically termed ―homemakers‖, are we ready to even go there?

As the responses to the startling Malayalam film The Great Indian Kitchen — capturing all the work that goes into a day to keep a house running, and especially keep it fed — showed, the men have either no idea about this or, if they do, would rather not be reminded of it. The enormity of what our mothers have gone through for generations hit most of us ―working women‖, so to speak, as opposed to ―homemakers‖, during the Covid lockdown. With helps vanishing at one swish of PM Modi‘s wand, it was interesting to see how social media was flooded with recipes, with domestic work glorified as a return-to-nature exercise.  A year later, as coronavirus warnings return, no one is suggesting those helps be kept out — and the recipes have dried up.

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4. Current Topic

  • Jobless Growth

COVID-19 infections are once again on the rise with daily infections crossing 60,000 per day last week.This is considerably higher compared to the reported infections during the same period last year when the numbers were less than 500 per day. What is obvious is that the pandemic is far from over despite the availability of vaccines. However, unlike last year, the response this time has been muted with no nationwide lockdown. One of the reasons for the differing responses is the lesson from the unintended consequences on the economy of the strict lockdown last year. While aggregate estimates on the growth rate of GDP showed a sharp contraction in economic activity (the economy shrunk by 24 per cent in the AprilJune quarter of 2020) the impact on lives and livelihoods is still unfolding even though the sharp contractionary phase seems behind us. 

5. Indian Administration

  • No Space for Liberal Education

Resignation letters are supposed to be answers, but few resignations pose more questions than the answers that they were supposed to give. Pratap Bhanu Mehta‘s (PBM) letter of resignation from Ashoka University or his earlier letters of resignation from the National Knowledge Commission and Nehru Memorial Museum and Library have raised more questions than answers. The fundamental questions about the idea of education and the functioning of educational institutions; what education may produce if it is not expected to inculcate critical thinking and reflection; why educational institutions must be accountable to the state and what does autonomy mean for a privately-funded university which stands on the idea of liberal education? Mehta‘s resignation is not about an individual and an institution coming to an agreement to terminate their mutual agreement but how and why a higher educational institution (even though it is private) could ask a teacher to resign only because s/he had a different and dissenting opinion, which became a political liability for his/her employer. It is not about Mehta‘s writings alone — the people at the helm may have rejoiced when he compared the PM to Charles De Gaulle — but it is about the inability of the system to reckon with dissent. It also speaks of how the Indian higher education system has evolved, especially in its attempt to get decolonised. The privatisation of educational institutions — schools as well as higher educational institutions — promised a ―liberal‖ space, but these institutions could never get out of the control of the state and the government of the day.  

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