trainee2's blog

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : What is RCEP? What are the issues in the context of India and suggest measures? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : What is RCEP? What are the issues in the context of India and suggest measures? Comment

Q. What is RCEP? What are the issues in the context of India and suggest measures? Comment

Model Answer:

What is RCEP? What are the issues in the context of India and suggest measures?

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) between the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) and the six states with which ASEAN has existing free trade agreements (Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand).

1) E- commerce: Placing great limitation on digital policy making by any country in the name of promoting E-commerce.

Problems for India:

  • India is still stuck in the IT realities of yesterday.
  • India is on a threshold of a digital society.

2) Intellectual property: Monopolies are adopted at this meeting , the repercussion may be permanently damaging for people’s access to affotdable medicines like in generic drugs by India.
3) Data exclusivity:Japan and korea demanding the period of no less than 5 years .Data exclusivity creates a barrier to entry for generic producers .India has purposely not adopted it .
4) Procurement policy:pressure to free procurement policy to unlock over 300 billion dollar market by other countries to India. India is not a signatory to the govt procurement agreement within the WTO framework because it wants to retain its policy space to meet its development need through public procurement process.
5) On tariff liberalization:China wants hive level of elimination of duties under it that will lead to surge of Chinese products in the market.

Suggestion:

1) A well articulated and diplomatic policy needed.
2) Need of the understanding of current global situation in the context of domestic growth.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

(Current Affairs) National Events | September : 2017

National Events

99% of demonetised notes returned, says RBI report

  • The Reserve Bank of India’s annual report has finally revealed that as much as Rs. 15.28 lakh crore of the high-value currency that was demonetised in November 2016 returned to the central bank.

  • “Subject to future corrections, based on the verification process when completed, the estimated value of SBNs [specified bank notes] received as on June 30, 2017, is Rs. 15.28 trillion,” the RBI said in its report.

  • The central bank was under intense scrutiny since January — after the window for depositing the withdrawn Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 banknotes had closed — for details on the extent of currency that was returned to the banking system in the wake of the government’s decision to withdraw high-value banknotes as a means to combat counterfeiting, black money and the financing of terrorist activities.

  • The latest RBI data showed that 98.96% of the withdrawn currency — at the time of demonetisation the value of old Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 notes in circulation was Rs. 15.44 lakh crore — was deposited with the banks.
    Separately, the data showed that the share of newly introduced Rs. 2,000 banknotes in the total value of currency in circulation was 50.2% at end-March 2017.

  • The final deposit figures could still rise since on June 20, 2017, the government allowed District Central Cooperative Banks to deposit the withdrawn notes that had been accepted by them from customers between November 10-14.

  • The central bank also said it was in discussion with the government whether to accept the demonetised notes held by citizens and financial institutions in Nepal.

  • Data in the annual report showed that only 89 million pieces of Rs. 1,000 were not deposited.

  • As of March 2016, there were 6,326 million pieces of Rs. 1,000 banknotes in circulation. In 2016-2017, another 925 million pieces of Rs. 1,000 notes were supplied into the system by the currency printing presses.

  • Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said that the confiscation of money was never the objective of the demonetisation exercise.
    Technology reaches Ganesh idols

Hyderabad police are using technology for better monitoring of the festivities

  • As the widely celebrated Ganesh Chaturthi is on, idols of the elephant-headed god in different forms have sprung up in every nook and corner of Hyderabad.

  • This is the trend every year but this time, most of the Vigneshwara idols have one thing in common — the Quick Response (QR) code. And they were also geo-tagged.

  • Usage of technology is not new to Hyderabad police but they are using the QR code and geo-tag for better monitoring of the festivities.

  • With every Ganesh idol getting a QR code, it has become much easier for the police officials to find out the exact number of idols installed. Specific location of the idols and verification by policemen of the local police station concerned are being effectively monitored by the superior officers.

  • They are feeding details of the pandal organisers, their contact numbers and other details and linking them to the QR code. For even closer supervision, police patrolling parties like Blue Colts were asked to to visit each pandal and geo-tag the idol.

  • These details are being fed into their mobile phones and the entire data is made available to the top officials for better management. Geo-tagging details of idols are superimposed on the geo-spatial maps. “This helps in identifying clusters of idols in specific localities, deploying additional forces and keeping tabs on their movement,” the DCP explained.

Frontline to see more soldiers

  • The number of soldiers available for active combat with the Army is set to dramatically go up by over 57,000 in the wake of the Union cabinet accepting a slew of military reforms.

  • The recommendations were made by a committee headed by Lieutenant General (Retd.) D.B. Shekatkar for enhancing combat capability and rebalancing defence expenditure of the Armed Forces to increase the teeth-to-tail ratio.

  • “This committee had submitted around 99 recommendations. The Government, in consultation with the Indian Army, has been going through them, and the first batch of 65 recommendations were accepted. All these have to be operationalised by the end of 2019,” Defence Minister Arun Jaitley said.

  • Defence sources said that all these recommendations are related to the Army and the remaining 34 recommendations pertaining to the Navy, Air Force and Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) are likely to be taken up soon.

  • The first phase of the reforms involves redeployment and restructuring of approximately 57,000 posts of officers/Junior Commissioned Officers (JCO)/ Other Ranks (OR) and civilians.

  • The various areas of reform include optimisation of signal establishments, restructuring of repair echelons including base workshops, redeployment of ordnance depots, better utilisation of supply and transport echelons and animal transport units, closure of military farms and Army postal establishments in peace locations, and improving efficiency of the National Cadet Corps (NCC).

  • Of these, the order for the closure of 39 military farms was issued in the beginning of August and would be completed in three months.

Govt considering the creation of a secure communications ecosystem for defence

  • The Centre is considering the creation of a secure communications ecosystem for its officials, especially those working in the defence sector.

  • One of the proposals is mandating the use of mobile phones manufactured by Indian companies for official communication. The government will also be providing a secure email service to its officials.

  • The Army now uses secure landline phones to communicate.

Indian Space Research Organisation has opened the door to domestic entities

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation has opened the door to domestic entities that can give it up to 18 spacecraft a year starting mid to late 2018.

  • The Bengaluru-based ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), which has so far produced about 90 Indian spacecraft, invited single or combined industries to apply for this opportunity.

  • ISAC would sign a three-year contract with the finalists, train, handhold and supervise their teams in making its range of satellites at its facility.

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation Scurrently makes four categories of spacecraft — communication, remote sensing, navigation and scientific missions — and in three sizes of 1,000 kg to 4,000 kg.

  • The first lot of spacecraft from this exercise was expected in about six months from the signing of the contracts. This is also roughly the normal time taken to assemble a satellite.

  • The contract mentions milestone payments, assigning of new spacecraft upon delivery; and a possible renewal of contract after three years.

  • Right now, the manpower of ISAC/ISRO is not adequate for meeting both the increased load of making more satellites; and also for the R&D that we need for future satellites.

  • The present bid to outsource our AIT will help us re-deploy our human resources effectively and focus on R&D.It would also aid self-reliance by way of an independent Indian satellite industry.

  • Although the goal is to get vendors to realise satellites “end to end”, ISAC would retain important and scientific missions.

  • In the $ 339-billion global space industry, satellite manufacturing accounts for 8% or $13.9 billion ( data as per the Satellite Industry Association's 2017 report).

  • This segment is led by established players from the United States and Europe who supply satellites to their government and commercial users.ISAC’s EoI is seen as a first step towards the making of an Indian space industry.

Good monsoon raises dam water

  • Heavy rains in catchment areas in the past week have added 68 TMC of water in over 3,200 dams across Maharashtra.

  • The State Water Resources Department said 3,247 dams in the State had 1,048.76 TMC of water as on August 21, and it rose to 1,116.87 TMC by August 28.

  • Marathwada region, which largely grows food grains, was the biggest beneficiary of last week’s showers.

  • The region boasts 955 reservoirs and dams and the collective water stock was 137.39 TMC on August 21. It rose to 154.62 TMC by August 28, recording an increase of 17.23 TMC.

  • The average water stock on August 21 was 54.52% of the total storage capacity of 1,709.21 TMC of all the dams in Maharashtra. The report said, “On the same date last year, the total water storage was 61.97%.

  • The picture changed in the last seven days and the water stock as of Monday was 59.21% as against 62.88% the previous year.”

All about Article 35A of the Constitution

  • Article 35A is a provision incorporated in the Constitution giving the Jammu and Kashmir Legislature a carte blanche to decide who all are ‘permanent residents’ of the State.

  • It confers on them special rights and privileges in public sector jobs, acquisition of property in the State, scholarships and other public aid and welfare.

  • The provision mandates that no act of the legislature coming under it can be challenged for violating the Constitution or any other law of the land.

  • Article 35A was incorporated into the Constitution in 1954 by an order of the then President Rajendra Prasad on the advice of the Jawaharlal Nehru Cabinet.

  • The controversial Constitution Order of 1954 followed the 1952 Delhi Agreement entered into between Nehru and the then Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah, which extended Indian citizenship to the ‘State subjects’ of Jammu and Kashmir.

  • The Presidential Order was issued under Article 370 (1) (d) of the Constitution. This provision allows the President to make certain “exceptions and modifications” to the Constitution for the benefit of ‘State subjects’ of Jammu and Kashmir.

  • So Article 35A was added to the Constitution as a testimony of the special consideration the Indian government accorded to the ‘permanent residents’ of Jammu and Kashmir.

  • The parliamentary route of lawmaking was bypassed when the President incorporated Article 35A into the Constitution. Article 368 (i) of the Constitution empowers only Parliament to amend the Constitution.

  • A five-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in its March 1961 judgment in Puranlal Lakhanpal vs. The President of India discusses the President’s powers under Article 370 to ‘modify’ the Constitution.

  • Though the court observes that the President may modify an existing provision in the Constitution under Article 370, the judgment is silent as to whether the President can, without the Parliament’s knowledge, introduce a new Article. This question remains open.

  • A writ petition filed by NGO We the Citizens challenges the validity of both Article 35A and Article 370.

  • It argues that four representatives from Kashmir were part of the Constituent Assembly involved in the drafting of the Constitution and the State of Jammu and Kashmir was never accorded any special status in the Constitution.

  • Article 370 was only a ‘temporary provision’ to help bring normality in Jammu and Kashmir and strengthen democracy in that State, it contends. The Constitution-makers did not intend Article 370 to be a tool to bring permanent amendments, like Article 35A, in the Constitution.

  • Attorney-General K.K. Venugopal has called for a debate in the Supreme Court on the sensitive subject.

  • Recently, a Supreme Court Bench, led by Justice Dipak Misra, tagged the Khanna petition with the We the Citizens case, which has been referred to a three-judge Bench.

  • The court has indicated that the validity of Articles 35A and 370 may ultimately be decided by a Constitution Bench.

Microsoft will come to the aid of farmers in Karnataka for prize prediction

  • If all goes according to plan, software giant Microsoft will come to the aid of farmers in Karnataka who constantly struggle with an unpredictable market.

  • The Agriculture Department has signed MoU with Microsoft India to develop an unique ‘farm price forecasting model’ using the latest IT tools in a bid to help farmers, administrators and other stakeholders understand the market behaviour in advance.

  • The proposed initiative is said to be the first-of-its-kind in the country, as it is a ‘multi-variate’ one that takes into consideration various factors beyond the conventional supply-demand equation.

  • It will examine a slew of related factors, including weather, rainfall and external factors, that impact market behaviour.

  • On the other hand, the forecast would help the government prepare in advance for market intervention if there is an indication of price crash, he pointed out. The model is expected to be in place for the next kharif crop.

  • Microsoft has already taken up a 100-day study on the price pattern of onion and toor dal. Depending upon the outcome, the price forecasting model would be applied to other crops later, Dr. Prakash said.

  • The initiative appears to have caught the attention of the Centre, which has sought suggestions from the KAPC on the importance of price forecasting for its initiative to double farmers’ incomes. Microsoft would also develop a software for providing sowing advisory services to farmers.

The Gist of Kurukshetra : TOWARDS A HEALTHIER INDIA : IMMUNISING EVERY CHILD - September - 2017

(The Gist of Kurukshetra) TOWARDS A HEALTHIER INDIA : IMMUNISING EVERY CHILD - September - 2017

TOWARDS A HEALTHIER INDIA : IMMUNISING EVERY CHILD

Immunization is one of the most cost effective public health interventions and largely responsible for reduction of mortality and morbidity rates caused by vaccine .preventable diseases. The eradication of smallpox globally and the elimination of polio, yaws and maternal & neo-natal tetanus from our country are clear reminders of the power of vaccination in dealing with the scourge of communicable diseases. Vaccines are critical for India
as we are rapidly developing and urbanizing. Rapid 'growth is also associated with the movement of migrant workers within regions resulting in movement of pathogens (including resistant strains) between regions of high and low endemicity, leading to a higher risk of communicable diseases. While urbanization is one aspect, some states are predisposed towards higher prevalence of a certain communicable disease viz. Japanese Encephalitis. Focus on immunization is also part of our endeavour to ensure that we keep polio at bay and keep on pushing towards reaching out with immunization to every single child in every far flung corner of the country.

The polio-free and MNTE-free India that we celebrate today has only been possible due to vaccines and more so because of how we made sure that the vaccines were administered to the children and are now covering even the adults who need them. The success is due to our Universal Immunization Program (UIP) - a major public health intervention in the country. I am proud to say that it is one of the largest immunization programs in the world. UIP become a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992. Since 1997, immunization activities have been an important component of the National Reproductive and Child Health Programme and are currently one of the key areas under the National Health Mission (NHM) since 2005. Under the UIP, Government of India is providing vaccination to prevent 11 vaccine preventable diseases namely Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Meningitis & Pneumonia caused by Haemophilus inf luenza type B, severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis, Polio, South East Asia Region (SEAR) of WHO has been certified Polio free
on 27th March, 2014. As a part of Polio end game strategy, Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) has been introduced across all the states of the country. Measles vaccine - Nationwide coverage of first dose of Measles was started in 1985 as part of Routine immunization (RI). 2nd dose of Measles was introduced in 2010 in 22 states immediately as part of RI and in remaining 14 states in RI after a campaign (Measles Supplementary Immunization Activity) covering nearly 12 crore children. As on date, the entire country is providing two doses measles vaccine schedule under Rio Hepatitis B vaccine - was piloted in 2002-03 and then scaled up across the country in 2010 to protect children from liver diseases such as Jaundice and Cancer.

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Analyse the impact of globalisation on lives of women in India and around the world. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Analyse the impact of globalisation on lives of women in India and around the world. Comment

Q. Analyse the impact of globalisation on lives of women in India and around the world . Comment

Model Answer:

Analyse the impact of globalisation on lives of women in India and around the world.

It can be analysed in two aspects positive and negative.

Positive aspects:

a) Inclusion of gender budgeting.
b) women are more aware of their rights,liberty,freedom and entitilements than before.
c) women as pressure groups have helped formulate progressive legislations like dowry prohibition act,domestive violence act,vishakha guidelines,sexual harrasment laws and rt to property leading to their empowerment,
d) Women were able to break the shackles of the patriarchal society to a large extent, after being educated and made aware of their rights, to stop female infanticide and foeticide
e) Social restrictions of caste system have faded away with secularisation of society.

Negative:

a) Commodification of women,pornography,vulgar reality shows have led to increasing gender violence,molestation,harrasment,rapes and dowry deaths
b) increasing globalisation has led to increased competition leading to feminization of poverty and less hold over resources.eg- in agriculture in india.
c) Gender discrimination still exists in economic sector, with women being payed lesser then their male counterparts for similar work
d) feminisatation of poverty : because of multiplier affects of poverty. it is the crime of worst nature.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : India is running Out of water resources principally ground water resources at an alarming rate. Analyse the reason and suggest some measures. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : India is running Out of water resources –principally ground water resources at an alarming rate. Analyse the reason and suggest some measures. Comment

Q. India is running Out of water resources –principally ground water resources at an alarming rate. Analyse the reason and suggest some measures. Comment

Model Answer:

India is running Out of water resources –principally ground water resources at an alarming rate. Analyse the reason and suggest some measures.

According to a recent study by the American Geophysical union- he upper Ganga basin – home to more than half of India population – could turn out of ground water resources by 2050.

Reasons:

1)Lack of infrastructure: Despite of getting enough rain , unable to trap and conserve it
2)Growing urbanization
3)Mismanagement of civic facilities: Failure of civic admin to deliver water brings private enterprises to step in tanker supply which is tapped from unregulated groundwater sources.
4)The city water utility from farms and deep borewells leading to rising conflicts between urban,peri-urban and rural population.
5)Policies lag behind by decades .The biggest thrust of Govt remain on developing surface irrigation infrastructure despite the known inefficiencies of this system.

Solution:

1)Need to change our focus away from building more inefficient large dams and waste ful irrigation projects and towards conserving rainfall bounty with rainwater harvesting techniques.
2)Need to improve efficiency in agriculture.Micro and drip irrigation with the help of sensor based technology.
3)Need to rationalize water pricing.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : The Comptroller and Auditor- General (CAG) is the guardian of public finances of the Union Government. Explain. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : The Comptroller and Auditor- General (CAG) is the guardian of public finances of the Union Government. Explain. Comment

Q. The Comptroller and Auditor- General (CAG) is the guardian of public finances of the Union Government. Explain. Comment

Model Answer:

The Comptroller and Auditor- General (CAG) is the guardian of public finances of the Union Government. Explain.

Article 148 provides for a Comptroller and Auditor- General (CAG) of India who shall be appointed by the President. The CAG is the guardian of public finances of the Union Government.

He enjoys office for a term of six years or till he attains the age of 65 years. The President can remove him from office before the expiry of his term on grounds of proved misbehavior and incapacity.

Functions (Articles 149 to 151) : The main functions of the Comptroller and Auditor- General of India are :

(i) to bring to account the receipts and expenditure of the Union Government (except Railways, Defence Services and other Ministries as their accounts are maintained by the departmental authorities);
(ii) to audit all trading, manufacturing and profit and loss accounts of stores and stocks, where the President may require him to conduct such audit;
(iii) to audit and report on the receipts and expenditure of all bodies substantially financed from the Union or State revenues, Government companies, and other corporations when so required by the laws relating to such corporations

The Constitution ensures the independence of the:

Comptroller and Auditor-General

The independence of the Comptroller and Auditor-General has been sought to be ensured by the following provisions of the Constitution:

(i) the salaries and other expenditure of the Comptroller and Auditor-General and his staff are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India and are thus non-votable;
(ii) he is not eligible for further employment after his retirement;
(iii) the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General relating to accounts are submitted to the President who causes them to be laid before the Parliament;
(iv) his salary and service conditions are not to be changed to his disadvantage during his tenure;
(v) though appointed by the President, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India can be removed from office only by impeachment through the procedure of Parliament.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

NORTH KOEL RESERVOIR PROJECT : Civil Services Mentor Magazine: OCTOBER - 2017

::NORTH KOEL RESERVOIR PROJECT::

North Koel project is an interstate project of Bihar and Jharkhand being executed in the drought prone district of Palamu (Jharkhand) Aurangabad, Gaya in the State of Bihar. The project comprises of 67.86 meter high Kutku Dam on the river North Koel at Mandal, a pick up barrage at Mohammadganj 100 Km down stream of the dam and net work of canals. The project is situated on the North Koel river, tributary on Sone River. It aims to provide irrigation to 111,521 hectares of land annually in the most backward and drought prone areas in Jharkhand and Bihar. The construction of the projected originally had started in 1972 and continued till 1993 when it was stopped by the Bihar forest department over environmental concerns. The Mandal dam as part of the project had threatened to submerge portions of the Palamau Tiger Reserve and Betla National Park. The National Wildlife Board (NWB) had cleared the project in June 2017 with certain conditions.

North Koel River rises on Ranchi plateau in Jharkhand. It joins the Sone River (only right bank tributary of Ganga River) a few miles north-west of Haidarnagar. Its principal tributaries are the Auranga and the Amanat. It meanders through the northern part of Betla National Park.

After completion of this project irrigation potential of 104.72 thousand hectare spread over in the district of Palamu (Jharkhand) Aurangabad and Gaya of Bihar state will be created. The CCA of the project is 1,24,270 hectare (Bihar - 1,11,800 hectare, Jharkhand - 12,470 hectare). The GCA of the project is 1,76,000 hectare. A provision of 24 MW hydro power station at Kutku dam in future is also made. Although the dam is located in Jharkhand the control of dam will remain with Bihar.

The main components of the project are:

  • Boulder cum Masonry Kutku dam on river North Koel, height 67.86 meter, length of 343 meter, with ogee shaped central spillway, having radial gates 9 number of 15x15 meter size to pass designed flood of 19580 cumec.
  • The dam will create a gross storage capacity of 1170 Mcum and live storage capacity of 960 Mcum.
  • A Barrage at Mohammadganj of 814.73 meter from which the main canal offtakes
  • The Right bank main canal of 110.40 km with head discharge of 85 cumec.

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : India suffers from huge gender pay gap. Discuss the causes and remedies . Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : India suffers from huge gender pay gap. Discuss the causes and remedies . Comment

Q. India suffers from huge gender pay gap. Discuss the causes and remedies . Comment

Model Answer:

India suffers from huge gender pay gap. Discuss the causes and remedies.

Recently some research papers have revealed that women gets paid less that their male counterparts. Possible cuases for gender pay gap are-

a) Prevailing patriarchal mindset among the employers, women do not get respect for their potential.
b) Lack of awareness among women regarding equal pay norms.
c) Centuries of disparagement of women in their socio-economic and political roles have oppressed their bargaining powers
d) Preferring men for managerial jobs, as compared to preference of women for lesser demanding positions.
e) Women have taken this rule of the society in their stride and tend to protest less to protect their jobs or being ridiculed by colleagues

Remedies:

a) Increasing awareness among both the employers and employees regarding equal pay
b) The Companies act should be strictly implemented to ensure a particular percentage of women directors in the private/ public companies to forward concept of gender parity
c) Education sector should be strengthened to impart better values in boys to respect their female counterparts and help in promoting concept of inclusive governance.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : How climate change and refugee crisis are interlinked . Discuss. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : How climate change and refugee crisis are interlinked . Discuss. Comment

Q. How climate change and refugee crisis are interlinked . Discuss. Comment

Model Answer:

How climate change and refugee crisis are interlinked . Discuss.

There are divergent views regarding that but some of them linked climate change and refugee crisis together by the following evidences:

1) Developmental policy of the National or International project like Hydro power projects etc.

2) Growth obsessed Nation plundering fossils fuels to keep the economic graph forever pointing upwards like in African and middle east countries.

3) Syrian refuges crisis to potential wars over control of water resources between countries.

4) Another cite climate models to suggest that peak meltwaters from Glaciers in the Tibetian Himalayas plateau ,the source of all major rivers for China India and Pakistan could be reached by 2050 and all major rivers lose 20% of their flow.

5) The impact of drought and desertification.

6) Extreme weather events like Tsunami and cyclone that go unnoticed but could trigger migration of population.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the political participation of women in in India? Explain Measures taken by the govt and challenges as well ? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the political participation of women in in India? Explain Measures taken by the govt and challenges as well ? Comment

Q. Discuss the political participation of women in in India? Explain Measures taken by the govt and challenges as well ? Comment

Model Answer:

Discuss the political participation of women in in India? Explain Measures taken by the govt and challenges as well ?
Women’s political participation has been considered a major measure of women’s empowerment. Globally, through histories of the world we have records of very few regents, sovereigns, and active agents in nobility who were women. Champions of liberalism like John Stuart Mill had advocated women’s participation in governance by the struggle for women suffrage in the self avowed liberal west very well illustrates the entrenched nature of Patriarchical resistance to women’s empowerment. In the last century more women heads of state could be counted in Asia as compared to Europe and the struggle for women suffrage in India was physically less violent but this is not reflective of greater acceptance of women in decision-making in public spaces.

To measure women’s empowerment now GEM takes 3 indicators, women’s participation in economic, political and professional activities. Within political power what is measured is mainly women in parliament, judiciary or in local bodies. Women’s empowerment or disempowerment has to be seen in all areas physical, socio cultural religious, political legal and economic. It is also now often pointed out that women’s empowerment must be seen as a process where in we must consider women’s awareness consciousness, choices with live alternatives, resources at their disposal, voice, agency and participation. These are all related to enhancement of women’s capabilities and decisions they take individually or collectively for themselves.

Several programmes in India like Mahila Samakhya have accepted the process nature of women’s empowerment. The understandings of empowerment in PACS has also beensimilar but planning of activity, time and budgets to ensure the empowering processes need greater scrutiny. Women’s education, livelihood and personal exercise of agency have to be systematically promoted.

The 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution have impacted nearly 600 million Indian people in 500,000 villages. Interestingly the percentage of women at various levels of political activity have risen from 4-5% to 25-40%. Both nationally as well as at the state and local levels women in elected bodies have been very few and even those who have been elected when observed from closer quarters present a complex picture. The money and muscle associated with the electoral process inhibits a large number of women from joining politics. Restriction on mobility, lack of control over resources and low literacy rates are well known obstacles but recent panchayat elections have evidenced a phenomenally large number of elected leaders much beyond reserved 33?/o seats Areas where PACS, Mahila Samakhya or other CSO initiatives are working women are more articulate and vigilant and have used opportunity to improve ICPS centres, primary schools sanitation and have also publicly dealt with issues of misbehavour with girls, violence and alcoholism as well as sensitive issues of widowed women dressing in coloured clothes. Women are increasingly demanding not only basis but also land literacy and fuller longer trainings instead of being short changed through orientations.
It is obvious that a more active Gram Sabha which is sensitive to women’s specific issues is a much desired goal as a woman sarpanch or BDC member in a gender hostile panchayat may not be able to accomplish and sustain much for the benefit of women or the village community at large. More women in grass root organizations; better law and order will ensure better engagement of women in decision-making.

However, the battle to make the PRI’s affective instruments of local rural governance is a battle, a struggle of the grass roots, population (women and men) against administrative apathy and listlessness, against ignorance and low awareness. For women these odds are accompanied and intermeshed with deep rooted patriarchal practices that determine and sanction norms of speech and behaviour both within and outside the home.
Thus while Pre election trainings of voluntary organisations and CSVOs serve to build awareness about the duties, responsibilities of PR’s and about voting practices, the presence and working of women’s voluntary organisations at the grass roots have served to sharpen women’s understanding about the operation of patriarchy in personal lives and work places and the methods and practices to overcome and combat them individually and collectively.

Organisations such as Mahila Samakhya working to conscientise and organise women in groups and sanghas are able to address the issue of women and their participation in a two fold manner. On the one hand they organise intensive training programmes for women PRI representatives to make them effective functionaries and on the other hand tghere own programmes with their members within there collectives serve to build a culture of questioning, critical thinking, collective decision­making and mobilisation on public.issues. A mobilised community of women is thus able to raise issues of significance to the local community within the meetings, demand accountably from representatives and administrative officials regarding financial and procedural matters and intervene with creative suggestions.

It is thus that the dominance of patriarchy money power, party politics muscle power are steadily undercut and eroded and women’s concerns are gradually pushed to the forefront of local politics.
Drawing from intensive discussions at the level of sanghas and mahasanghas and the experiences culled called from functionaries and from trainings, Mahila Samakhya has drawn out learnings to strengthen women’s participation in the Panchayats. A memorandum lmnipiti illnu these has been presented to the Panchayat Raj Department. It states-

  • It is imperative to inscribe the budget for the village on the Panchayat Bhawan.
  • Thefre should be rules and strategies to train and activate women members who have been elected to the post of Pradhans m members.
  • There should be strict rules for ensuring the participation of 2/3 voters in the open meeting.
  • the signatures of the people in the executive register of the open meeting should be ensured.
  • It should be compulsory for the Pradhan/Secretary to sit in the panchayat Bhawan.
  • The development plan should be widely disseminated so that it can reach the general public.
  • The dates and time of the panchayat meetings in the state of U.P. should be decided in advance.
  • The venue of the meeting should be either the Panchayat Bhawan ofr a public place, to enable all gram sabha members to present their problems.

Entry into public space, utilisation of authority in practice, trainings by government and nongovernment agencies are all part of a process ofiradual growth of knowledge, self-esteem and empowerment, which gives women the agency to function effectively in the political process.

Even proxy and dummy candidates may experience this process of empowerment women who stand and win from general seats are more likely to have a higher commitment towards, and an understanding of the political process.

Having a high participation of women at the local self government level can create an environment which is enabling for other women, inceptive to the idea of gender based initiatives and can serve to monitor .mil implement community and gender based programmes of the ilovernment related to education, nutrition and health.
It offers a potential opportunity which can be utilised at an optimum lavel by appropriate, trainings both capacity binding and information pnhancing - by government departments and the NGO Sector.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Explain the Goals and Objectives of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Explain the Goals and Objectives of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Comment

Q. Explain the Goals and Objectives of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Comment

Model Answer:

Explain the Goals and Objectives of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).

The member countries of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives, SAARC started functioning from 1985. The guiding principles of SAARC are-.

1. Respect the principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, political independence, non-interference in internal affairs of other States and mutual benefit.
2. It is no substitute for bilateral and multilateral cooperation but complements them.
3. Its obligation shall not be inconsistent with bilateral and multilateral obligation; the charter excluded bilateral and contentious issues from its deliberations.

Its Goals and Objectives :

1. It promotes quality of life and economic growt5h in the region.
2. It strengthens collective self-reliance.
3. It encourages active collaboration in economic, technical and scientific fields.
4. It aims at increasing people to people contact and sharing of information among the SAARC members.

Among the seven member States, India is in a pre-eminent position in terms of area, population and military strength. India is the only country in the region that has common land or maritime borders with all countries of SAARC.

SAARC has a four tiered structure (i) the annual summit where governments of member States meet (ii) Council of Minislcrs (iii) Standing Committees (iv) Technical Committees of officials and experts.
The first summit was held in December in Bangladesh in 1985.
SA ARC has established a permanent secretariat in Kathmandu (Nepal) and it is functioning since 1987. The head of the State of the host country acts as Chairman till the next summit when the chairmanship is handed over to the next host country.

SAARC has come of age and has already reached certain notable agreements and conventions among the member States. They are:

1. Convention on food security reserve.
2. Convention on suppression of terrorism.

Sri Lanka made a proposal for the creation of a SAARC Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA).

The SAARC members took a historic decision to extend regional co­operation to the core economic areas. The member nations of SAARC are also interested in activities concerning mass media, bio-technology and environment. The Male Declaration wanted to make SAARC, ‘vibrant and result-oriented’. The SAARC wants to effectively check drug abuse and drug trafficking: it wants suppress terrorism and promote organized tourism. The member nations observed 1991 as, SAARC Year of Shelter, and 1992 as, ‘SAARC Year of the Disabled’.
It observed the last decade of the twentieth century as ‘SAARC Decade of the Girl Child’ to prohibit discrimination against female children of the region.
SAARC has to go a long way to fulfill the aims and objectives of its charter.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the recent notification bring out from National Green Tribunal on Ganga river? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the recent notification bring out from National Green Tribunal on Ganga river? Comment

Q. Discuss the recent notification bring out from National Green Tribunal on Ganga river ? Comment

Model Answer:

Discuss the recent notification bring out from National Green Tribunal on Ganga river?

Following are the notification:

1) Prohibition: Of dumping of waste within 500 meters of the river.
2) No development Zone: An area of 100 meters from the edge of the Ganga between Haridwar and Unnao has been declared.
3) Compensation:Of Rs 50000will be imposed on anyone dumping waste in the river.
4) Formulation of Guidelines: Ask Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand govt as per the directives by NGT for religious activities on the Ghats of Ganga and its tributaries.
5) Appointment of Supervisory committee: to keep a check on the regulatory measures.
6) All industrial units in the catchment area of the Ganga should be stopped from indiscriminate ground water extraction.

You just need to give better introduction and conclusion.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Explain the importance of Indian Bureaucracy in the Era of Globalisation . Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Explain the importance of Indian Bureaucracy in the Era of Globalisation . Comment

Q. Explain the importance of Indian Bureaucracy in the Era of Globalisation . Comment

Model Answer:

Explain the importance of Indian Bureaucracy in the Era of Globalisation.

The era of globalisation worldwide commenced about and one and a half decades back; sometime around the mid to the large 1980. What is accepted, generally, as globalisation today is actually the spread of the process of liberalisation of the economy on a global scale. By liberalisation of the economy is meant freeing a national economy from governmental control and letting it run as per the market forces. It is against this definitional context that we must understand bureaucracy here.
In India (as indeed in many other countries), it was increasingly felt that the democratic socialist model of development had failed to deliver the goods. Of course, it is debatable whether there was something intrinsically wrong with the democratic socialist framework or it had gone wrong as regards the implementation part. Whatever may be the truth, the fact was that liberalisation of the economy, entailing a slackening, if not total elimination, of governmental regulation over the economy, gained currency. This process was of course actively encouraged by the US influenced bodies such as the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and the World Bank.

Once liberalisation of the economy was accepted, changes in the bureaucracy were inevitable. In India (as elsewhere), there has been a slackening of governmental rules and regulations, which certainly has been a welcome development. We may mention here that in this unit, we are not debating the merits and demerits of globalisation. You will read about globalisation in unit 29. In this unit, we are only concerned with the impact of globalisation on the bureaucracy and that too in the Indian context. As already mentioned, in the era of globalisation or alternatively, Economic Reforms, there has been a doing away of the plethora of government rules and to this extent, the developmental process has been speeded up. However, it is still not clear if it has brought down corruption arising from the acts of commission and omission of the Bureaucrat -Politician-Businessman combine. Even as the process of economic reforms consequent to liberalisation has been on, there have been consistent reports of India continuing to be atnongst the most corrupt countries of the world. This naturally raises questions about the very rationale of liberalising the economy. Be that as it may, the process of liberalisation is currently very much on in the country.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

(Free E-book) Weekly Current Affairs Update for IAS Exam VOL-194

Weekly Current Affairs Update for IAS Exams Free Sample

VOL. - 194 (20 August 2017 to 26 August 2017)

Covered Topics:

  • National

  • International

  • Economy, India and The World

  • Sport, Environment, In The News

  • Science and Technology

  • Newspaper Editorials

  • MCQ's

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD SAMPLE PDF
Weekly Current Affairs (PDF) Yearly Subscription (just Rs 8/- Per Issue)

Join Online Coaching for UPSC Pre. Exam

Printed Study Material for UPSC Exams

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Describe the impact of casteism upon the Indian electoral system. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Describe the impact of casteism upon the Indian electoral system. Comment

Q. Describe the impact of casteism upon the Indian electoral system. Comment

Model Answer:

Describe the impact of casteism upon the Indian electoral system.

Caste began to play an important role after independence as its involvement in politics increased. The fact that it existed as easily identifiable social cluster of people made it an easy object of political mobilization by political parties in their quest for political support and votes. While the political parties sought to exploit caste for its own electoral purposes, caste groups by making politics their sphere of activity got a chance to assert their identity and bargain for benefits and position in society. Thus, caste and politics interaction has been a two-way process.
In politicizing the castes, the caste associations played a crucial role. Caste associations were quasi-voluntary associations in the sense that its membership was open only to the individuals of the caste community. These associations were formed to secure economic benefits or educational openings or for more clearly political purpose of uniting to fight the hegemony of the upper castes. In either case, involvement in politics was considered necessary for securing the specific purpose for which they were formed. Thus, once formed on the basis of caste identity, caste associations went on to acquire non-caste functions. In electoral politics the role of the caste in politics has become powerful. This can be seen at all levels of the political process of the country. All political parties tend to give party ticket to candidates for contesting elections from amongst the numerically or otherwise dominant caste in every constituency. Major caste groups get representation in the council of ministers. Be it elections, political appointments or even formation of political parties, caste has been the major consideration.

The influence of caste, however, varies depending upon the level of election and the region. Its influence is far more at the local and state-level political process than at the national level. Caste plays greater role in the rural than in urban areas. In the rural areas and at the local level, the smallness of consituency and the fact that there is greater face to face interactions account for the strong influence of caste in politics. Since independence two factors have especially brought the issue of caste in Indian politics into sharp focus. These are
(1) the introduction of universal adult franchise and
(2) the constitutional provisions for protective discrimination in favour of the backward classes.

The introduction of universal adult franchise brought a very large section of the populace, who had been hitherto excluded on account of property qualification to vote, into the arena of electoral politics. This made the task of mobilizing votes enormously difficult for the political parties. The daunting task was, however, made easy when political parties relied upon castes to get their votes. In the process castes’ involvement in politics deepened with every election in India,

In addition to the enlarged arena of electoral politics, the constitutional provisions for protective discrimination also provided the ground for castes to play a significant role in politics.
One may note here that protective discrimination was meant for three categories of people - the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the OBC — collectively called as the backward classes. Of these three categories, the SCs and STs were easily identifiable and-there was a large measure of consensus on the need and the desireability of having reservations for them. But the case of the OBCs was different.
Since Independence two types of caste politics can be discerned. The first type involved the caste groups clamouring either for being recognised as OBC by the state governments or those already recognised for getting a higher quota in the reservations. The decision of the State governments to appoint Backward classes Commission from time to time provided the occasion for such caste politics to flourish.
The second type of caste politics, involved mobilization of social and political forces for and against reservations for the OBC based solely on caste criteria. The extent of castes involvement in politics can be appreciated by noting a simple fact that over 50% of the populace belong to the category of the OBCs.

While the first type of caste politics sought to influence the reservation policy of the state government, the second type of caste politics was aimed to resist the reservation policy of the central government.
The reservation issue thus, provided a fertile ground for castes to play an active role in politics.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : There is a complaint of female molestation against a man who is the son of a major influential political person and there is pressure also from the party to ignore the case or weaken the case.You are an SP in that region

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : There is a complaint of female molestation against a man who is the son of a major influential political person and there is pressure also from the party to ignore the case or weaken the case.You are an SP in that region. Comment

Q. There is a complaint of female molestation against a man who is the son of a major influential political person and there is pressure also from the party to ignore the case or weaken the case .You are an SP in that region. Comment

Model Answer:

There is a complaint of female molestation against a man who is the son of a major influential political person and there is pressure also from the party to ignore the case or weaken the case.You are an SP in that region.

a) What will you do?

  • My course of action is to follow the law without being pressurized from anyone.
  • Knowing the consequences , I will be prepared to be more cautious with my life and that female protection.
  • Select honest and courageous police officers for the investigation.

b) What ethical issue involved if you try to weaken the case?

  • Not fulfilling my duty as an SP.
  • Playing with the modesty of that particular female who is being molested.
  • Encouraging the culprit .
  • Removing the fear of law from the mind of the influential people.
  • Trust breach of the common people.
  • Not being transparent.
  • Denying the self-less attitude towards my duty.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Working as a District collector in Rajasthan and there is destruction caused by heavy flood which require urgent but careful relief measures Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Working as a District collector in Rajasthan and there is destruction caused by heavy flood which require urgent but careful relief measures Comment

Q. Working as a District collector in Rajasthan and there is destruction caused by heavy flood which require urgent but careful relief measures Comment

Model Answer:

Working as a District collector in Rajasthan and there is destruction caused by heavy flood which require urgent but careful relief measures .You are asked by some politicians to help them making money out of relief packages . In case if you rejected they threatened you for life.

a) What will you do in this situation ?

Following will my course of action:

Denying the politicians request.

As I am aware of the consequences , I have to be fearless from the politicians .

  • I will do my duty to provide relief work as I am duty bound and also morally bound by looking the grievances of the people.
  • I will not do any corruption for my long term benefit.
  • I will try to persuade the politicians by giving the detail sufferings of the people there .

b) If you do as the politicians say, what ethical issues involved in this?

Ethical issues involved are:

  • Duty v\s politician’s verdict
  • Fear v\s courage.
  • Corruption v\s Sentiments of the sufferings.
  • Greed v\s fulfilling my duty.

c) How will you manage the situation?

Ask for police protection as it is a life threatening call from the police.

Direct the police to take action against the politicians.

Center and state govts will be apprised of the situation.

National and local media will be involved.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Bring out the issue which is highlighted by the BCCI on Lodha committee ? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Bring out the issue which is highlighted by the BCCI on Lodha committee ? Comment

Q. Bring out the issue which is highlighted by the BCCI on Lodha committee ? Comment

Model Answer:

Bring out the issue which is highlighted by the BCCI on Lodha committee?

Following are the seven issues where the conflict arises:

1)One state , One member, One vote.
2)Cooling off period of 3 years after every 3 years term
3)Composition of the selection committee: Five to Three
4)Constitution of Apex council, tenure restriction for its office bearers and the council itself
5)Age cap and tenure cap of 9 years for BCCI office bearers
6)Balance of jurisdiction between office bearers and professional personnel in the BCCI
7)Debarring govt servants being members.

You just need to elaborate one or two lines on each

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Why there is a need for Local spatial developmental plans for the successful implementation of Smart City Mission.? Discuss. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Why there is a need for Local spatial developmental plans for the successful implementation of Smart City Mission.? Discuss. Comment

Q. Why there is a need for Local spatial developmental plans for the successful implementation of Smart City Mission.? Discuss. Comment

Model Answer:

Why there is a need for Local spatial developmental plans for the successful implementation of Smart City Mission.? Discuss.

There are various challenges for urban development that is why Local spatial development plans are needed.

1) Cities are governed by multiple organization and authorities which have their own jurisdiction .This result in their sub-division into planning.
2) None of these are co-terminous generating a maze of boundaries.
3) It deters effective planning and governance.For ex- in Delhi there is the rule of Two in local area development .

Suggestion:

1)Minimum organization set up to bring multiple agencies on a common platform to determine a metropolitan wide strategy for planning and implementation.
2) Apply or adopt world’s best practices like in Singapore.

Thus in India the Smart cities mission , an initiative meant to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people , calls for appropriate local spatial development plans.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Major challenge before the country is to provide better health care facilities to its people. Discuss. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Major challenge before the country is to provide better health care facilities to its people. Discuss. Comment

Q. Major challenge before the country is to provide better health care facilities to its people. Discuss. Comment

Model Answer:

Major challenge before the country is to provide better health care facilities to its people. Discuss.

Due to lack of proper health care 254 females out of every 100,000 the while giving birth. This is called maternal mortality rate (MMR). 50 out of 1000 children the at the time of birth which is called inlfant mortality rate (IMR). 15 children out of 1000 the before completing 4 years of age which is known as child mortality rate (CMR). Certainly these news are not encouraging. There are so many villages and remote areas in the country. But unlike cities and towns, these areas do not have adequate health centers or hospitals and doctors to attend to the problems of people there..

Let us look at the role played by the government in providing health facilities.

(i) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): NRHM was launched in 2005 to provide affordable and qualitative health service to rural population. It aims at strengthening health and family welfare programmes, removing diseases such as malaria, kala azar, blindness, lodline deficiency, T.B., leprosy etc. by improving public health delivery sysitem. NHRM has started revitalizing the existing primary and community health centres. By September 2010 around 8 lac health workers have been given training on health care and more than 9 thousand doctors and 26 thousand nurses have been appointed on contract basis to give health services to rural population. NRHM is also running many mobile medical units (MMUs) which run from one place to another to provide health care at door step.

(ii) Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) : In order to save the life of the mother at the time of the delivery the government has started the Janani Suraksha Yojana.

(iii) Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) : Health care facilities are not uniformly available in India. Some states have very good health infrastructure in the form of medical institutes / colleges and hospitals while others do not have these facilities. This has created regional imbalances in provision of health care service and over crowding of certain places where these facilities are available. For example the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AHMS) is situated in Delhi and is a world class medical institute cum hospital. Since other states do not have such a facility, people from different states came to Delhi to get treatment in AHMS. As a result AHMS has become aver crowded with a long waiting period for treatment. To remove these problems the government of India has launched PMSSY. Under this scheme six new AHMS like institutions will be constructed in different parts of the country. It also aims at upgrading 12 existing government medical colleges in different states.

(iv) National AIDS Control: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a dangerous health disorder which affects people infected with HIV. About 24 lakh people in India were affected by HIV in 2009, which is one of the highest in the world. Once the virus called HIV attacks the human body, the person loses strength to fight diiseases and his/her immune system become weak over time. Under such a circumstance the person cannot recover if he/she suffers from, any disease. AIDs has endangered population all over the world. The government of India has created centers to generate awareness to prevent AIDS as well as treat people affected by the virus.

Join General Studies Test Series for IAS Mains Examination

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Mains GS Exam

Printed Study Kit for UPSC Pre Cum Mains GS Combo

<< Go Back to Main Page

Pages

Subscribe to RSS - trainee2's blog