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(GIST OF YOJANA) HEALTH FOR ALL -September-2017


(GIST OF YOJANA) HEALTH FOR ALL -September-2017


HEALTH FOR ALL

Social security as a theme has always gained importance during periods of economic instability and crises. Though the landmark Beveridge Committee Report in 1942 defined social security in the broadest possible terms as 'Freedom from Want', this definition could not be followed through and the more operational and narrow interpretation of social security as contingency related measures was adopted at the International Labour Organisation convention in the 1950s. In 1989, Dreze and Sen proposed a broadening of the definition in the context of developing countries following which Prabhu' reiterated that what is relevant for India is the concept of socio economic security ensuring enhancement of social capabilities and economic security. Health security is an integral part of such a wider notion of social security.

Health security is linked inextricably with the notion of universal health care and received prime importance following the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978 to achieve Health for All by 2000. Inspired by this goal and informed by the ICSSR- ICMR report 19812, the Government of India announced in 1983 the National Health Policy, which was subsequently replaced by the National Health Policy of 2002. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was initiated in 2005 to revitalise the primary health care system in the country. Despite these policy initiatives, universal health coverage remains an unfinished agenda with basic indicators of health in India continuing to be below those of low income countries such .as Bangladesh" and crucial health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) being missed.

India's health system mirrors the iniquitous nature of development that has taken place in the country. High income and wealth inequality' has resulted in a skewed pattern of health care oriented towards secondary tertiary level curative services, leading to the neglect of the more basic preventive and primary care services needed for the poor to survive. The World Health Organisation estimated that in 2008, 5.2 million Indians died of non- communicable diseases which accounted for 53 per cent of all deaths in the country". Income and wealth disparities are also reflected in the sharply differing health outcomes across rural and 'urban areas, states and social groups? In 2015, health inequality resulted in a loss of 24 percent of India's health index value as per the Inequality adjusted Human Development Index computed by the UNDPS.

Further, low political commitment to ensuring basic primary and preventive health care has meant that unlike education, Health for All has never been an important electoral issue, though the potential for electoral gains are evident as in the case of Andhra Pradesh. The general political apathy towards the health sector is also reflected in low budgetary allocations, with public spending accounting for not more than 1.5 per cent of GDP over the last decade despite impressive economic growth. This has meant that 75 per cent of health care costs are financed by out of pocket expenses and catastrophic health expenses regularly push a large number below the
poverty line.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : To achieve financial inclusion in the country ,Payment Banks could be seen as a pre-cursor to it. Discuss. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer :To achieve financial inclusion in the country ,Payment Banks could be seen as a pre-cursor to it. Discuss. Comment


Q. To achieve financial inclusion in the country ,Payment Banks could be seen as a pre-cursor to it. Discuss. Comment

Model Answer:

To achieve financial inclusion in the country ,Payment Banks could be seen as a pre-cursor to it. Discuss.

RBI granted two kinds of licenses 1) universal bank licenses 2) Differentiated bank license

Payments banks come under Differentiated one.

The objective of Payment bank:

1) Financial inclusion by providing small saving account and payment\remittances services to migrant labour workforce , low income hosehold small businesses and other unorganized sector entities.
2) Can work as Business correspondent of another banks.
3) Can also distribute simple financial products like mutual funds units and insurance products.
4) Can take deposit upto 1 lakh per account and can issue debit card but not credit card and also can not lend.

By the following objectives it seems that large section of masses who are untouched by the banking system will be taken care of.

It also help in spreading financial literacy.

Private players like Airtel Indian post Paytm and Fino who were provided by the license have large customer base in rural hinterland which help in banking facilities.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : NITI-Aayog plan to effectively privatise the district hospital in TIER-1 and TIER-2 towns. Analyse? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : NITI-Aayog plan to effectively privatise the district hospital in TIER-1 and TIER-2 towns. Analyse? Comment


Q. NITI-Aayog plan to effectively privatise the district hospital in TIER-1 and TIER-2 towns. Analyse? Comment

Model Answer:

NITI-Aayog plan to effectively privatise the district hospital in TIER-1 and TIER-2 towns. Analyse?

It is based on 5 premises:

a) District hospitals need upgrading to provide good quality secondary care and some elements of tertiary care to reduce dependence on and overcrowding of medical college hospitals and corporate hospitals.
b) Dealing with Non –communicable disease which is increasing .
c) To balance the technical and manpower expert to deal with.
d) Incentivised private sector investment and participation in care delivery in such hospitals can fill this gap.
e) The proposed PPP model can function smoothly with shared facilities and dual payment system.

Criticism:

a) There is a doubt on the 4th premise that whether private investment should be preferred approach to strengthen the district hospitals
b) Private players are free to charge full treatment cost from patients not covered by govt schemes (such as RSBY) and the providers would be reimbursed by the govt for treating patiens referred by the govt.
c) Private players will be able to cherry pick the most lucrative districts where patients have a higher paying capacity.
d) Defeating the objective of national health policy.

Suggestion:

Need to enhance investment by the govt directly in public healthcare.
Training of health workers.
Better regulation of public health care facilities with better infrastructure as it benefits the whole society instead of thinking in economic gains.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the reason for very high concentration of salt extraction industries in Saurashtra and South Tamil Nadu Coast? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the reason for very high concentration of salt extraction industries in Saurashtra and South Tamil Nadu Coast? Comment


Q. Discuss the reason for very high concentration of salt extraction industries in Saurashtra and South Tamil Nadu Coast? Comment

Model Answer:

Discuss the reason for very high concentration of salt extraction industries in Saurashtra and South Tamil Nadu Coast?

India is the third largest Salt producing Country in the World after China and USA with Global annual production being about 230 million tones.

The main source of salts are sea brine, lake brine, sub-soil brine, rock salt deposits.

Following are the reasons for the reason for very high concentration of salt extraction industries in Saurashtra and South Tamil Nadu Coast :

a) The sea water is collected during high tides .

b) The hot semi arid condition.

c) Fair weather for 8 to 9 months

d) Low relative humidity.

e) High wind velocity.

f) Low soil permeability.

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(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Sindhi (Arabic) (Literature) Exam Paper - 2016

(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Sindhi (Arabic) (Literature) Exam Paper - 2016

Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains

Year: 2016

Subject: Sindhi (Arabic)

File Type: PDF

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : What should be the element of citizen charter? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : What should be the element of citizen charter? Comment


Q. What should be the element of citizen charter? Comment

Model Answer:

What should be the element of citizen charter?

The Charters are expected to incorporate the following elements :

(i) Vision and Mission Statement;

(ii) Details of business transacted by the organisation;

(iii) Details of clients;

(iv) Details of services provided to each client group;

(v) Details of grievance redress mechanism and how to access it; and

(vi) Expectations from the clients.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : What is Regulatory Sandbox in terms of economy? What are its Benefits? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : What is Regulatory Sandbox in terms of economy? What are its Benefits? Comment


Q. What is Regulatory Sandbox in terms of economy? What are its Benefits? Comment

Model Answer:

What is Regulatory Sandbox in terms of economy? What are its Benefits?


A regulatory sandbox is an experimental oversight mechanism for innovative products and services that do not fall into an existing regulatory regime or cut across traditional regulators’ domains. Such innovations are permitted to operate for a limited period of time at a limited scale to understand its efficacy and implications, so that the best alternatives for regulation can be evolved based on concerns that emerge.

The sandbox needs to be designed to adopt this unified consumer-centric lens through a single integrated sandbox, serving all four financial sector regulators… technology will always be ahead of regulation like RBI, SEBI, IRDAI, PFRDA.

NITI AAYOG approach this mechanism because India’s financial sectors regulators hinders ideas in the financial technology sector.

Benefits of Sandbox:

Twin objectives of nurturing financial innovation and safeguarding consumer interests.

Graet way to unlock innovation for mass public adoption .

Will be a boost for Start Up .

Globally regulatory sandboxes have been introduces in the UK , Singapore, Australia UAE etc.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Supreme court recently ordered setting up of a committee to examine dowry cases. Explain the reason and also what are the issues arises with it? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Supreme court recently ordered setting up of a committee to examine dowry cases. Explain the reason and also what are the issues arises with it? Comment


Q. Supreme court recently ordered setting up of a committee to examine dowry cases. Explain the reason and also what are the issues arises with it? Comment

Model Answer:

Supreme court recently ordered setting up of a committee to examine dowry cases. Explain the reason and also what are the issues arises with it?

Dowry Act: First enacted in 1961, the law sought to protect women from being killed or tortured in their marital homes by greedy husbands and in-laws.

Thereafter, passionate advocacy by women’s rights activists resulted in the insertion of Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, making the offence of dowry harassment cognisable and non-bailable
Supreme Court ordered the setting up of ‘family welfare committees’ in all districts under the aegis of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).

Following are the reasons:

a) Section 498A (dowry harassment) of the IPC had come under much abuse.
b) Dowry complaints were being filed in the heat of the moment over trivial issues.
c) Advocates say that disgruntled women determined to destroy family values and drags innocent husbands and in-laws to jail for their own nefarious purpose.

Issues arises by the women protagonists:

a) the first attempt to dilute Section 498A came from a 2014 judgment of the Supreme Court which mandated a nine-point checklist before any arrests could be made under Section 498A.

b) Then followed the latest Supreme Court judgment which has almost irretrievably diluted 498A and rendered it nearly unreachable to victims. This judgment mandates a family welfare committee in every district to scrutinise dowry harassment cases.

c) It is not difficult to predict how such committees will operate in our male-dominated districts. The Supreme Court has also done away with the need for the accused to make a personal appearance in court in addition to other forms of relief.

d) The widespread misuse of this section by usurious moneylenders and financial institutions has never been publicly debated. The judiciary and civil society do not appear to ever discuss misuse or “abuse” of other laws and offences, although abuse of any law is possible, and does in fact happen. It is only when any law relating to the empowerment of women is enacted, that hysterical debate ensues about misuse of such a law and the sufferings of the accused.

Suggestion:

a) Proper examination: that how this act is effective in preventing dowry deaths and cruelity to women.

b) Substantial research is needed.

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(GIST OF YOJANA) AIDS AND ASSISTED LIVING DEVICES DISTRIBUTED SENIOR CITIZENS-September-2017


(GIST OF YOJANA) AIDS AND ASSISTED LIVING DEVICES DISTRIBUTED SENIOR CITIZENS-September-2017


AIDS AND ASSISTED LIVING DEVICES DISTRIBUTED SENIOR CITIZENS

2383 Aids and Assisted Living Devices were distributed to 1266 Senior Citizens during a Camp on "Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana" of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment at Dr Vasantrao Deshpande Hall, Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharastra recently.

The devices will help the Senior Citizens toovercome their age related physical impairment and to lead a dignified and productive life with minimal dependence on care givers or other members of the family. The ambitious scheme, first of its kind in the country, is expected to benefit 5,20,000 Senior Citizens over a period of the 3 years. As per the Census figures of 2011, the population of senior citizens in India is 10.38 crore. More than 70 per cent of the population of senior citizens live in rural areas of the country. A sizeable percentage (5.2 per cent) of the senior citizens suffer from some sort of disabilities related to old age. Projections indicate that the number of elderly population will increase to around 173 million by 2026.

The proposal for formulation of a Scheme for providing Physical Aids and Assisted-Living Devices for Senior Citizens belonging to BPL Category was announced in the Budget 2015-16. Pursuant to this, the "Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana" has been formulated. The Scheme aims at providing Senior Citizens, belonging to BPL category and suffering from any of the age related disability/infirmity viz. Low vision, Hearing impairment, Loss of teeth and Locomotor disability, with such assisted-living devices which can restore near normalcy in their bodily functions, overcoming the disability infirmity manifested. The assistive devices shall be of high quality and conforming to the standards laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards, wherever applicable.

Under the Scheme, Aids and Assisted-Living Devices like walking sticks, elbow crutches, walkers/ crutches, tripods/quodpods, hearing aids, wheel chairs, artificial dentures and spectacles will be provided to eligible elderly beneficiary senior citizens, depending upon their physical impairment.

Recent Initiatives

Schemes launched by the present government such as Atal Pension Yojana (APY), Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, Jeevan Jyoti Yojana, PMJanSuraksha Bima Yojana are not comparable to the schemes discussed so far, as they are contributory schemes and not meant exclusively for elderly. They, however, certainly have implications for the security of future elderly population.

APY, a pension scheme for unorganised sector guarantees monthly pension of Rs. 1000 to 5000 per month to subscribers. Government will contribute 50 per cent of the subscriber's contribution or Rs.1000 per annum whichever is lower. Only non- income tax payers, not covered by any statutory pension scheme are eligible. Government will contribute for 5 years only for those who join between June 1 to 'December 31, 2015.

Jan SurakshaBima Yojana launched in 2015, is a government backed scheme providing accident insurance. Persons in the age group 18-70 and having a bank account can avail of this scheme by paying annual premium of Rs. 12, which is to be paid or can be auto debited from their, account. For accidents- leading to death or full disability, Rs. two lakhs are paid while for accidents leading to partial disability Rs. one lakh are given. This scheme is linked to Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana launched in 2014.

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(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Santhali (Literature) Exam Paper - 2016

(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Santhali (Literature) Exam Paper - 2016

Exam Name: UPSC IAS Mains

Year: 2016

Subject: Santali

File Type: PDF

GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the important types of Traditional Indian puppets used in puppetry in India? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the important types of Traditional Indian puppets used in puppetry in India? Comment


Q. Discuss the important types of Traditional Indian puppets used in puppetry in India? Comment

Model Answer:

Discuss the important types of Traditional Indian puppets used in puppetry in India?

Puppets or “Kathputli” is an ancient and popular form of folk entertainment. There are four types of puppets glove, rod, shadow and string. They are differentiaed based on the different ways of manipulation of puppets. Below is a short description of the type and the states in India which have these arts:

The glove puppets are worn on hands just like a glove. The middle finger and thumb act as hands of the puppet and the index finger acts as the head. Also known as hand puppets these are a small figure having head and arms wearing a long skirt as its dress.

The rod puppets are manipulated by rods of various types and sizes. These puppets have mostly three joints. The heads, supported by the main rod, is joined at the neck and both hands attached to rods are joined at the shoulders. The main holding rod that supports the puppet may be hidden by a robe or costume of the puppet.

Shadow puppets are flat puppets that are operated against the rear of a tightly stretched white cloth screen. They are cut out of leather, which has been treated to make it translucent. Shadow puppets are pressed against the screen with a strong source of light behind it. The Shadow puppet theatre is practiced in the states of Andhra Pradesh (Tholu Bommalata), Karnataka (Togalu Gombeyata), Kerala Tolpavakoothu), Maharashtra(chamadyache Bahulya), Orissa, and Tamil Nadu (Tolpavaikoothu).

India has a rich and ancient tradition of string puppets or marionettes. String puppets are made of wood, or wire, or cloth stuffed with cotton, rags or saw dust. The puppet is suspended from a hand held control strings that are attached to different parts of the puppet's body.

The presentation of puppet programmes involves the creative efforts of many people working together. With the Modern Cinemas and Television grasping most of the audience Puppetry in India is on the brink of extinction. Many of the puppeteers are taking to other professions.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the techniques of Quality management in Public Services. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Discuss the techniques of Quality management in Public Services. Comment


Q. Discuss the techniques of Quality management in Public Services. Comment

Model Answer:

Discuss the techniques of Quality management in Public Services.

Following are the techniques :

Equity: A public service has to be conceived and designed in a manner that the benefits of the services offered are available equally and without discrimination to all clients / members of the public.

Citizen Centric Service : Government service delivery is citizen-centered. It should be conceived and executed with the needs, perspectives and satisfaction of citizens foremost in mind.

Balance of Interest : Public servants have a tougher job to do than mangers in the private sector. Public Service, as distinct from private service involves balancing the needs of the individual or group of customers within the broader framework of the public interest.

Responsivity: towards the quick and effective resolution of public concern so as to create trust on governance structure among the people.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Examine the impact of Sovereign Gold bond scheme in the Indian economy ? Bring out the recent changes forwarded by the Govt to woo investers. Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer : Examine the impact of Sovereign Gold bond scheme in the Indian economy ? Bring out the recent changes forwarded by the Govt to woo investers. Comment


Q. Examine the impact of Sovereign Gold bond scheme in the Indian economy ? Bring out the recent changes forwarded by the Govt to woo investers. Comment

Model Answer:

Examine the impact of Sovereign Gold bond scheme in the Indian economy ? Bring out the recent changes forwarded by the Govt to woo investers.

The Bonds are issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India. The bonds are distributed through banks and designated post offices. This should make subscribing to the bonds an easy affair.
SGBs are government securities denominated in grams of gold. They are substitutes for holding physical gold. Investors have to pay the issue price in cash and the bonds will be redeemed in cash on maturity.

Benefit and Impact:

The quantity of gold for which the investor pays is protected, since he receives the ongoing market price at the time of redemption/ premature redemption. The SGB offers a superior alternative to holding gold in physical form. The risks and costs of storage are eliminated. Investors are assured of the market value of gold at the time of maturity and periodical interest. SGB is free from issues like making charges and purity in the case of gold in jewellery form. The bonds are held in the books of the RBI or in demat form eliminating risk of loss of scrip etc.

To help reduce India’s over dependence on gold imports.

Changing the habit of Indians from saving in physical form of gold to paper form with sovereign backing.

Recent changes:

Increase in the limit: to 4 kg from 0.5 kg for individuals HUF and 20 kg for trusts.

Flexibility: in the scheme to design and introduce variants to cater to a cross section of investors.

This was probably done to encourage high net worth individuals , rich farmers as well as Trusts to invest in these bonds.

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GS Mains Model Question & Answer:What are the Challenges to governance and administration? Comment

 GS Mains Model Question & Answer:What are the Challenges to governance and administration? Comment


Q. What are the Challenges to governance and administration? Comment

Model Answer:

What are the Challenges to governance and administration?

Governance is the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a count affairs at all levels. It consists of the mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations mid mediate t differences.

A series of political reforms have been enacted by Parliament by unanimous these include the electoral funding, reforms promoting transparency and fairness and creating t incentives to donors, disclosure of antecedents of candidates contesting for public office, and the 97 Constitutional Amendment limiting the size of the Council of Ministers to 15 per cent of the strength the Lower House and considerably strengthening anti-defection provisions. A new value-added tax regime has been introduced recently, which is seen as the most ambitious tax reform after Independent The path-breaking Right to Information Act has come into effect recently. This new law applies to union and state agencies, local governments and even societies and trusts which receive public fund This far-reaching law also provides for independent information commissioners, proactive disclosure and reporting mechanisms and has the potential to impact our governance process in a profound an positive way by empowering citizens.

These welcome initiatives indicate that our political system is willing to respond to the growing challenges of governance.
However, a lot more remains to be done. There is increasing lawlessness in several pockets of the country, and armed groups are resorting to violence with impunity for sectarian or ideological reason the state apparatus Is generally perceived to be largely inefficient, with most functionaries serving no useful purpose.

The bureaucracy is generally seen to be tardy, inefficient, and unresponsive. Corruption is all-pervasive, eating into the vitals of our system, undermining economic growth, distorting competition, and disproportionately hurting the poor and marginalized citizens. Criminalization of politics continues unchecked, with money and muscle power playing a large role in elections. In general, there is high degree of volatility in society on account of unfulfilled expectations and poor delivery. Abuse of authority at all levels in all organs of state has become the bane of our democracy. The perception that every political party and politician is corrupt needs to be seriously addressed, and restructuring the systems in all sectors - political, bureaucratic and judicial - is of paramount importance.

There is a need to restructure our political and governance institutions and rejuvenate our Republic. Otherwise, the growing cynicism and despair among large sections may shatter public confidence in democratic institutions.

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