(Download) NCERT Book For Class XII : Political Science - Contemporary World Politics

Table of Contents

• Chapter 1
  The Cold War Era
• Chapter 2
  The End of Bipolarity
• Chapter 3
  US Hegemony in World Politics
• Chapter 4
  Alternative Centres of Power
• Chapter 5
  Contemporary South Asia
• Chapter 6
  International Organisations
• Chapter 7
  Security in the Contemporary World
• Chapter 8
  Environment and Natural Resources
• Chapter 9
  Globalisation

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : Governance

1. “Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance”. In this context suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy. (UPSC 2020)
2. What are the methods used by the Farmers organizations to influence the policy-makers in India and how effective are these methods? (UPSC 2019)
3. Initially Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services. Comment (UPSC 2017)
4. ‘The emergence of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the state from developmental activities’. Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs. (UPSC 2017)
5. How do pressure groups influence Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years? (UPSC 2017)
6. “In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been only marginal.” Critically examine this statement. (UPSC 2016)
7. “Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India.” Comment. (UPSC 2016)
8. Examine critically the recent changes in the rules governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976.(UPSC 2015)
9. The Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP), which is India's own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women empowerment programmes. Elucidate.(UPSC 2015)
10. How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints.(UPSC 2015)
11. The quality of higher education in India requires major improvements to make it internationally competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of higher and technical education in the country? Discuss.(UPSC 2015)
12. Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that the private sector could help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives would you suggest?(UPSC 2015)
13. Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in poverty levels over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural poverty indicators.(UPSC 2015)
14. In the light of the Satyam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate governance to ensure transparency, accountability.(UPSC 2015)
15. "If amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Act, 2011 tabled in the Parliament is passed, there may be no one left to protect." Critically evaluate. (UPSC 2015)
16. "For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous." Discuss in the light of the experiences in recent past.(UPSC 2015)
17. Though 100 percent FDI is already allowed in non-news media like a trade publication and general ntertainment channel, the Government is mulling over the proposal for increased FDI in news media for quite some time. What difference would an increase in FDI make? Critically evaluate the pros and cons.(UPSC 2014)
18. The setting up of a Rail Tariff Authority to regulate fares will subject the cash strapped Indian Railways to demand subsidy for obligation to operate non-profitable routes and services. Taking into account the experience in the power sector, discuss if the proposed reform is expected to benefit the consumers, the Indian Railways or the private container operators.(UPSC 2014)
19. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that ensure the accountability of a government. In light of the above observation assess the role of NHRC as an effective complement to the judiciary and other institutions in promoting and protecting human rights standards. (UPSC 2014)
20. The penetration of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in rural areas in promoting participation in development programmes is facing socio-cultural hurdles. Examine. (UPSC 2014)
21. Do government's schemes for up-lifting vulnerable and backward communities by protecting required social resources for them, lead to their exclusion in establishing businesses in urban economics?(UPSC 2014)
22. An athlete participates in Olympics for personal triumph and nation's glory; victors are showered with cash incentives by various agencies, on their return. Discuss the merit of state sponsored talent hunt and its cultivation as against the rationale of a reward mechanism as encouragement. (UPSC 2014)
23. Should the premier institutes like IITs/IIMs be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more academic independence in designing courses and also decide mode/criteria of selection of students. Discuss in light of the growing challenges.(UPSC 2014)
24. Has the Cadre based Civil Services Organisation been the cause of slow change in India? Critically examine.(UPSC 2014)
25. Two parallel run schemes of the Government viz. the Adhaar Card and NPR, one as voluntary and the other as compulsory, have led to debates at national levels and also litigations. On merits, discuss whether or not both schemes need run concurrently. Analyse the potential of the schemes to achieve developmental benefits and equitable growth.(UPSC 2014)
26. The product diversification of financial institutions and insurance companies, resulting in overlapping of products and services strengthens the case for the merger of the two regulatory agencies, namely SEBI and IRDA. Justify.(UPSC 2013)
27. The concept of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme is almost a century old in India with early beginnings in Madras Presidency in pre-independent India. The scheme has again been given impetus in most states in the last two decades. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest mandates and success.(UPSC 2013)
28. Pressure group politics is sometimes seen as the informal face of politics. With regards to the above, assess the structure and functioning of pressure groups in India.(UPSC 2013)
29. The legitimacy and accountability of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their patrons, the micro-finance outfits, need systematic assessment and scrutiny for the sustained success of the concept. Discuss.(UPSC 2013)
30. The Central Government frequently complains on the poor performance of the State Governments in eradicating suffering of the vulnerable sections of the society. Restructuring of Centrally sponsored schemes across the sectors for ameliorating the cause of vulnerable sections of population aims at providing flexibility to the States in better implementation. Critically evaluate.(UPSC 2013)
31. Electronic cash transfer system for the welfare schemes is an ambitious project to minimize corruption, eliminate wastage and facilitate reforms. Comment.(UPSC 2013)
32. The basis of providing urban amenities in rural areas (PURA) is rooted in establishing connectivity. Comment.(UPSC 2013)
33. Identify the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that are related to health.Discuss the success of the actions taken by the Government for achieving the same.(UPSC 2013)
34. Though Citizen's charters have been formulated by many public service delivery organizations, there is no corresponding improvement in the level of citizens' satisfaction and quality of services being provided. Analyse.(UPSC 2013)
35. 'A national Lokpal, however strong it may be,cannot resolve the problems of immorality in public affairs'. Discuss.(UPSC 2013)
36. What is the 'Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat'?(UPSC 2012)
37. What are the salient features of the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2011 introduced in the Lok Sabha in December 2011?(UPSC 2012)
38. Critically review the international concern in achieving the targets set for the Millennium Development Goals.(UPSC 2012)
39. Keeping in view the informal sector's share in the total workforce of the country, critically examine the relevant inclusive measures initiated by the Government of India and their effectiveness.(UPSC 2012)
40. To implement one key recommendation of the Mohini Giri Committee, the Government has recently announced the constitution of a National Council. Highlight the composition and the mandate of this National Council(UPSC 2012).
41. Comment on the recent launching of the National Mission on Libraries (NML).(UPSC 2012)
42. The Human Papilloma Virus vaccine has been making the headlines in the recent months. Who make the ideal candidates for receiving this vaccine and what are its benefits?(UPSC 2012)
43. "There is an urgent need for the Planning Commission to revise the chapter on health in the 12th Plan document." Comment.(UPSC 2012)
44. What do you understand by the term "Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis" {MDR-TB)? What measures would you advocate for its containment and what are the implications of its spread in the community?(UPSC 2012)
45. Despite strict prohibitory regulations, "doping" has become increasingly common amongst athletes.Name five commonly used performance- enhancing drugs. What are the risks associated with their use?(UPSC 2012)
46. Problems specific to the denotified and nomadic tribes in India.(UPSC 2011)
47. E-governance initiatives by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC 2012)
48. The Bihar Special Courts Act, 2009 and why it has been in the news recently?(UPSC 2012)
49. Critically examine the design of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) scheme. Do you think it has a better chance of success than the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) in achieving its objectives?(UPSC 2012)
50. Highlight the structure, objectives and role of the Advertising Standards Council of India, In what way has the August 2006 government notification made it more effective?(UPSC 2012)
51. Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS).(UPSC 2012)
52. Benefits and potential drawbacks of 'cash-transfers' to 'Below Poverty Line' (BPL) households.(UPSC 2012)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER :  Agriculture 

1. What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India? (UPSC 2020)
2. How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies? (UPSC 2020)
3. What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing? (UPSC 2020)
4. Elaborate on the policy taken by the government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. (UPSC 2019)
5. Examine the role of supermarkets in supply chain management of fruits, vegetables and food items. How do they eliminate number of intermediaries? (UPSC 2018)
6. What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost-effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (UPSC 2017)
7. Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India.(UPSC 2015)
8. In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture nonviable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons.(UPSC 2015)
9. How can the 'Digital India' programme help farmers to improve farm productivity and income?What steps has the Government taken in this regards?(UPSC 2015)
10. There is also a point of view that agriculture produce market committees (APMCs) set up under the state acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine.(UPSC 2014)
11. "In the villages itself no form of credit organisation will be suitable except the cooperative society." - All Indian rural credit survey. Discuss this statement in the background of agriculture finance in India. What constrain and challenges do financial institutions supplying agricultural finances? How can technology be used to better reach and serve rural clients?(UPSC 2014)
12. Food security bill is expected to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in India. Critically discuss various apprehensions in its effective implementation along with the concerns it has generated in WTO.(UPSC 2013)
13. What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and state levels? Critically analyze the agriculture subsidy regime with the reference to the distortions created by it.(UPSC 2013)
14. India needs to strengthen measures to promote the pink revolution in food industry for better nutrition and health. Critically elucidate the statement.(UPSC 2013)
15. Establish the relationship between land reform, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in Indian Economy. Discussion the difficulty in designing and implementation of the agriculture friendly land reforms in India.(UPSC 2013)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER :  Economy 

1. Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and a private entity. (UPSC 2020)
2. Define potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? (UPSC 2020)
3. Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. (UPSC 2019)
4. How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those followed by the erstwhile Planning Commission in India? (UPSC 2018)
5. Among several factors for India’s potential growth, savings rate is the most effective one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for growth potential? (UPSC 2017)
6. Account for the failure of manufacturing sector in achieving the goal of labor-intensive exports rather than capital-intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports. (UPSC 2017)
7. The nature of economic growth in India in described as jobless growth. Do you agree with this view? Give arguments in favour of your answer.(UPSC 2015)
8. In what way could replacement of price subsidy with Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) change the scenario of subsidies in India? Discuss.(UPSC 2015)
9. What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks?(UPSC 2015)
10. Craze for gold in Indians have led to a surge in import of gold in recent years and put pressure on balance of payments and external value of rupee. In view of this, examine the merits of Gold Monetization Scheme.(UPSC 2015)
11. "Success of 'Make in India' programme depends on the success of 'Skill India' programme and radical labour reforms." Discuss with logical arguments. (UPSC 2015)
12. To what factors can the recent dramatic fall in equipment costs and tariff of solar energy be attributed? What implications does the trend have for the thermal power producers and the related industry?(UPSC 2015)
13. There is a clear acknowledement that Speecial Economic Zones (SEZs) are a tool of industrial development, manufacturing and exports. Recognizing this potential, the whole instrumentality of SEZs requires augmentation. Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs with respect to taxation, governing laws and administration.(UPSC 2015)
14. Normally countries shift from agriculture to industry and then later to services, but India shifted directly from agriculture to services. What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Can India become a developed country without a strong industrial base?(UPSC 2015)
15. While we found India's demographic dividend, we ignore the dropping rates of employability.What are we missing while doing so? Where will the jobs that India desperately needs come from? Explain.(UPSC 2014)
16. The right to fair compensation and transparency land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement act, 2013 has come into effect from 1 January 2014. What implication would it have on industrialisation and agriculture in India? (UPSC 2014)
17. Capitalism has guided the world economy to unprecedented prosperity. However, it often encourages shortsightedness and contributes to wide disparities between the rich and the poor. In this light, would it be correct to believe and adopt capitalism driving inclusive growth in India? Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
18. Explain how private public partnership agreements, in longer gestation infrastructure projects,can transfer unsuitable liabilities to the future. What arrangements need to be put in place to ensure that successive generations' capacities are not compromised?(UPSC 2014)
19. National urban transport policy emphasizes on moving people instead of moving vehicles. Discuss critically the success of various strategies of the government in this regard.(UPSC 2014)
20. Foreign direct investment in the defence sector is now said to be liberalised. What influence this is expected to have on Indian defence and economy in the short and long run? (UPSC 2014)
21. With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new companies bill, 2013 has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the challenges expected in its implementation in right earnest. Also  discuss other provisions in the bill and their implications.(UPSC 2013)
22. What are the reasons for introduction of Fiscal responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) act, 2003? Discuss critically its salient features and their effectiveness.(UPSC 2013)
23. What is meaning of the term tax-expenditure? Taking housing sector as an example, discuss how it influences budgetary policies of the government.(UPSC 2013)
24. Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indian. Are the competing with the MNCs satisfactorily?(UPSC 2013)
25. Two questions: each with
26. (a) Discuss the impact of FDI entry into multi-trade retail sector on supply chain management in commodity trade pattern of the economy. (b) Though India allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) in what is called multi brand retail through joint venture route in September 2012, the FDI even after a year, has not picket up. Discuss the reasons.(UPSC 2013)
27. Discussion the rationale for introducing Good and services tax in India. Bring out critically the reasons for delay in roll out for its regime.(UPSC 2013)
28. Write a note on India's green energy corridor to alleviate the problems of conventional energy.(UPSC 2013)
29. Adaptation of PPP model for infrastructure development of the country has not been free from criticism. Critically discuss the pros and cons of the model.(UPSC 2013)
30. Why is international trade perceived to have failed to act as an "engine of growth" in many developing countries including India?(UPSC 2012)
31. "Domestic resource mobilization, though central to the process of Indian economic growth, is characterized by several constraints? Explain.(UPSC 2012)
32. Why have the resource rich African and South Asian countries remained poor for decades? Explain.(UPSC 2012)
33. Discuss the likely negative impact of the protectionist measures proposed by the US on India's software industry.(UPSC 2012)
34. Discuss the globalization of R&D and its impact on India's development. Provide an illustration from at least one sector such as Information Technology or Health.(UPSC 2012)
35. Functions of the World Customs Organization. (WCO) (UPSC 2011)
36. Salient recommendations of the RBI-appointed Damodaran committee on customer service in Banks.(UPSC 2011)
37. Why the Central Statistics Office has notified a new series of Consumer Price Index from this year?(UPSC 2011)
38. In the context of the 'Euro-zone' debt crisis, examine the proposed 'six-pack' solution. Do you think that this has a better chance of success than the earlier Stability and Growth Pact?(UPSC 2011)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER :  Geography  

Physical Geography :

1. Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change. (UPSC 2020)
2. How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far- reaching impact on the water resources of India? (UPSC 2020)
3. The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. (UPSC 2020)
4. The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples. (UPSC 2020)
5. Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples. (UPSC 2019)
6. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and the coastal environment? Give suitable examples? (UPSC 2019)
7. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. (UPSC 2019)
8. How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism? (UPSC 2019)
9. What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? (UPSC 2019)
10. What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem? (UPSC 2018)
11. In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development.” Discuss (UPSC 2017)
12. Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations. (UPSC 2017)
13. How does the cryosphere affect global climate? (UPSC 2017)
14. Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects. (UPSC 2017)
15. In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India? (UPSC 2017)
16. What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the won population residing in Monsoon Asia? (UPSC 2017)
17. Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes. (UPSC 2016)
18. Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation? (UPSC 2015)
19. How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss.(UPSC 2015)
20. Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the EI-Nino effect. Do you agree? (UPSC 2014)
21. Why are the world's fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of fold mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes.(UPSC 2014)
22. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos. (UPSC 2014)
23. Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why?(UPSC 2014)
24. Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world.(UPSC 2014)
25. What do you understand by the theory of 'continental drift'? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support.(UPSC 2013)
26. The recent cyclone on east coast of India was called 'Phailin'. How are the tropical cyclones named across the world? Elaborate.(UPSC 2013)
27. Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world.(UPSC 2013)
28. What do you understand by the phenomenon of 'temperature inversion' in meteorology? How does it affect weather and the habitants of the place?(UPSC 2013)
29. Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 deg N latitudes and on the western side of the continents. Why?(UPSC 2013)
30. Bring out the causes for more frequent occurrence of landslides in the Himalayas than in the Western Ghats.(UPSC 2013)
31. There is no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghats. Why? Indian Geography(UPSC 2013)

Indian Geography :

1. Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. (UPSC 2020)
2. How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India? (UPSC 2019)
3. “The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas? (UPSC 2018)
4. The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues employment but has also created new problems. Substantiate this statement with examples. Urbanization (UPSC 2017)
5. With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme’. (UPSC 2016)
6. Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss. (UPSC 2016)
7. Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?(UPSC 2015)
8. India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity. (UPSC 2015)
9. The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are reaching the limits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate.(UPSC 2015)
10. Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration.(UPSC 2015)
11. Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub-continent. (UPSC 2014)

Resource Geography :

1. India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its developments. Elaborate. (UPSC 2020)
2. Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India? (UPSC 2019)
3. Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic Region? (UPSC 2018)
4. The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain (UPSC 2016)
5. South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. Comment.(UPSC 2016)
6. Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations. (UPSC 2016)
7. Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India. (UPSC 2016)
8. In what way micro-watershed Development projects help in water conservation in drought prone and semi-arid regions of India. (UPSC 2016)
9. What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences?'(UPSC 2015)
10. Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.(UPSC 2014)
11. Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water? (UPSC 2014)
12. Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world.(UPSC 2014)
13. How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich Africa? (UPSC 2014)
14. (a) Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in southern States of India? Discuss with justification.(UPSC 2013), (b) Analyze the factors for the highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India.(UPSC 2013)
15. With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for "the generation of atomic energy in India and in the world.(UPSC 2013)
16. It is said that India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of the country for quarter century. However, tapping of the resource does not appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved.(UPSC 2013)

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(डाउनलोड) पुरानी एनसीईआरटी किताब : इतिहास कक्षा-12

समकालीन विश्व इतिहास : मोहम्मद अनवर-उल हक

Contemporary World History by (Mohammad Anwar-ul Haq) 

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER :  India After Independence  

UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : World History

1. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. (UPSC 2019)
2. Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to other colonies?  Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? (UPSC 2018)
3. What problems were germane to the decolonization process of Malay Peninsula.  (UPSC 2017)
4. The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine. (UPSC 2016)
5. Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present? (UPSC 2015)
6. To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically.(UPSC 2015)
7. What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India?(UPSC 2014)
8. What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain's self-image as a world power?(UPSC 2014)
9. The New Economic Policy - 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate.(UPSC 2014)
10. "Latecomer" Industrial revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what west had experience.(UPSC 2013)
11. Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European competition. Analyse.(UPSC 2013)
12. American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate.(UPSC 2013)
13. What policy instruments were deployed to contain the great economic depression?(UPSC 2013)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER :  CULTURE  

1. Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss. (UPSC 2020)
2. Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment  (UPSC 2020)
3. The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss. (UPSC 2020)
4. Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate. (UPSC 2020)
5. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in Gandhara art. (UPSC 2019)
6. Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss (UPSC 2018)
7. Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travelers in the reconstruction of the history of India. (UPSC 2018)
8. The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss. (UPSC 2018)
9. How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times? (UPSC 2017)
10. Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. (UPSC 2016)
11. Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. (UPSC 2016)
12. The ancient civilization in Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment. Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a tine aesthetic sense comparable to modem painting. Critically evaluate this comment. (UPSC 2015)
13. To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
14. Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.(UPSC 2014)
15. Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not "considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
16. Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu / Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment.(UPSC 2014)
17. Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment.(UPSC 2013)
18. Discuss the Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions.(UPSC 2013)
19. Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss. (UPSC 2013)
20. The 'flute-playing Krishna' theme is very popular in Indian art. Discuss.(UPSC 2012)
21. Comment on the significance of Rasarnava in studying the history of Indian Chemistry.(UPSC 2012)
22. What are the groups into which musical instruments in India have traditionally been classified?(UPSC 2012)
23. Comment on the significance of fire in Zoroastrianism.(UPSC 2012)
24. Why is Laurie Baker called 'the conscience keeper of Indian architecture'?(UPSC 2012)
25. Illustrate about Bagurumba folk dance.(UPSC 2012)
26. Distinguish either between the 'Moatsu' and 'Yemshe' festivals of Nagaland or the 'Losar' and 'Khan' festivals of Arunachal Pradesh.(UPSC 2011)
27. What are the major different styles of unglazed pottery making in India?(UPSC 2011)
28. List the classical dance forms of India as per the Sangeet Natak Akademi.(UPSC 2011)
29. Illustrate about: Bhand Pather, Swang, Maach, Bhaona, Mudiyettu.(UPSC 2011)

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समकालीन भारत : बृज मोहन पांडे

Contemporary India by (Brij Mohan Pandey) 

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आधुनिक भारत : प्रोफेसर सतीश चंद्र मित्तल

Modern India by (Professor Satish Chandra Mittal) 

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CHAPTER - 1 : DEMOCRACY IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
CHAPTER - 2 : WHAT IS DEMOCRACY? WHY DEMOCRACY?
CHAPTER - 3 : CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
CHAPTER - 4 : ELECTORAL POLITICS
CHAPTER - 5 : WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS

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मध्यकालीन भारत : मीनाक्षी जैन

Medieval India by (MINAKSHI JAIN) 

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