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THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 18 July 2020 (Milestone of a million: On India’s COVID-19 numbers (The Hindu))

Milestone of a million: On India’s COVID-19 numbers (The Hindu)

Mains Paper 2:Health
Prelims level: COVID-19 numbers
Mains level: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health

Context:

India was hoping that the extended lockdown alone might help it win the battle against the novel coronavirus, but the microbe has been spreading with renewed vigour.
So much so that on July 16, the number of confirmed infections and deaths crossed grim milestones — one million and 25,000, respectively.

About:

If a positivity rate is too high, that may indicate that the state is only testing the sickest patients who seek medical attention, and is not casting a wide enough net to know how much of the virus is spreading within its communities.
A low rate of positivity in testing data can be seen as a sign that a state has sufficient testing capacity for the size of their outbreak and is testing enough of its population to make informed decisions about reopening.
A rapid antibody test or serology test looks for antibodies in your blood. These immunity agents develop in a body to fight an infection, in this case, COVID-19. The antibody test isn't looking for the virus but to ascertain whether your immune system, the primary line of defence in any human, has responded to the infection.
Current antibody tests cannot tell with certainty whether one is immune to COVID-19 as further research is needed to ascertain how long these antibodies might protect one against the virus.

Wide spread:

While the rising fresh cases reported each day could be ascribed(linked) to increased testing, the underlying reason for the case rise is undoubtedly the wide spread of the virus in the community.
With surveillance not being commendable, the 10.3% test positivity rate nationally in the last few days shows that a very large pool of infections remains undiagnosed.
Though the number of tests done daily has now crossed three lakh, the high test positivity rate underscores the need to increase the number of daily tests, by at least a few-fold.
Any delay in tracing, testing and isolating the infected and their contacts will only lead to an unimaginable spread of the virus.
As already seen in a few Indian cities, a cascadeof events beginning with a delay in disease detection can overwhelmthe health-care system.

Comparison between cities:

Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, which initially appeared to have contained the virus spread, have seen sharp surges.
If Bengaluru buckedthe trend in the early stage, it has now witnessing surge in cases and the system is not fully geared for the challenges.
Aggressive tracing and testing helped Chennai reduce the surge. But the coming days will reveal if its 12-day lockdown in June had greatly contributed to this.
While Delhi appears to have hammered down the test positivity rate in recent weeks, over-reliance on rapid antigen tests, which have low sensitivity, raises concerns about true case detection.
Maharashtra appears to have pulled off a coupin Dharavi through outstanding work, but like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, the State has been witnessing a spike in other districts.
With a 9.1% test positivity rate, Gujarat has made no attempts to greatly increase daily tests but instead appears to be disingenuously limiting the number of daily tests to keep fresh cases per day under check.
Telangana too, with a test positivity rate of 18.4%, has made no great effort to increase daily tests, which have crossed 13,000 only in the last couple of days.
Telangana defies the trend of rising cases during the pandemic, raising serious concern about its numbers.

Conclusion:

Examples such as New York have shown that it is never too late to bend the curve. But for that, States need to fight the virus, not manage the data.
Deaths remain low, but India must fight the virus, not manage the data.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1)With reference to the draft of 'Aids to Navigation Bill, 2020', consider the following statements:
1. The draft bill is proposed to replace the Lighthouse Act, 1927 to incorporate the best global practices, technological developments and India's International obligations in the field of Aids to Marine Navigation.
2. It does not provide for the identification and development of heritage lighthouses.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: A

Mains Questions:
Q.1) What is community transmission of the virus means? What are different tests used to detect the COVID-19 like one is Rapid-Antigen Test?

Read more about THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 18 July 2020 (Milestone of a million: On India’s COVID-19 numbers (The Hindu))

UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : Environment

How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006? (UPSC 2020)
What are the key features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) initiated by the Government of India? (UPSC 2020)
What are the salient features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched by the Government of India for water conservation and water security? (UPSC 2020)
Define the concept of carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how understanding this concept is vital while planning for sustainable development of a region. (UPSC 2019)
Coastal sand mining, whether legal or illegal, poses one of the biggest threats to our environment. Analyse the impact of sand mining along the Indian coasts, citing specific examples. (UPSC 2019)
What are the impediments in disposing the huge quantities of discarded solid wastes which are continuously being generated? How do we remove safely the toxic wastes that have been accumulating in our habitable environment? (UPSC 2018)
What is wetland? Explain the Ramsar concept of ‘wise use’ in the context of wetland conservation. Cite two examples of Ramsar sites from India. (UPSC 2018)
How does biodiversity vary in India? How is the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 helpful in conservation of flora and fauna? (UPSC 2018)
‘Climate Change’ is a global problem. How India will be affected by climate change? How Himalayan and coastal states of India will be affected by climate change? (UPSC 2017)
Not many years ago, river linking was a concept but it is becoming reality in the country. Discuss the advantages of river linking and its possible impact on the environment. (UPSC 2017)
Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts which always attracts controversy while planning major projects. Discuss the measures suggested for mitigation of this impact while proposing major developmental projects. (UPSC 2016)
Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (UPSC 2016)
The Namami Gange and National mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) programmes and causes of mixed results from the previous schemes. What quantum leaps can help preserve the river Ganga better than incremental inputs?(UPSC 2015)
Should the pursuit of carbon credit and clean development mechanism set up under UNFCCC be maintained even through there has been a massive slide in the value of carbon credit? Discuss with respect to India's energy needs for economic growth.(UPSC 2014)
Environmental impact assessment studies are increasingly undertaken before project is cleared by the government. Discuss the environmental impacts of coal-fired thermal plants located at Pitheads.(UPSC 2014)
What are the consequences of illegal mining? Discuss the ministry of environment and forests' concept of "GO AND NO GO" zones for coal mining.(UPSC 2013)
Enumerate the National Water Policy of India. Taking river Ganges as an example, discuss the strategies which may be adopted for river water pollution control and management. What are the legal provisions for management and handling of hazardous wastes in India?(UPSC 2013)
What do you understand by run of the river hydroelectricity project? How is it different from any other hydroelectricity project?(UPSC 2013)
Explain the concepts "Environmental Sustainability" and "Sustainable Development of People".(UPSC 2012)
Explain briefly the "Clean Development Mechanism" as provided under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).(UPSC 2012)
What is Permaculture? Give at least three common examples where permaculture concepts are being put to use.(UPSC 2012)
Given the accelerated pace of development and demand for energy, would you consider renewable energy as a viable option for India's future?(UPSC 2012)
Analyse critically the interlinkages between the Convention on Biological Diversity and FAO Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.(UPSC 2012)
Examine the causes and the extent of 'desertification' in India and suggest remedial measures.(UPSC 2012)
In the context of the growing demands for the ban of Endosulfan in the country, critically examine the issues involved. What, in your view, should be done in the matter?(UPSC 2012)
The issue of tourism in core areas of tiger reserve forests in the country is a subject matter of debate. Critically examine various aspects of this issue, keeping in view relevant recent judicial pronouncements.(UPSC 2012)
The impact of climate change on water resources in India.(UPSC 2011)
Phase-IV of the tiger monitoring programme in India.(UPSC 2011)
The diminishing population of vultures(UPSC 2011)
'Billion Acts of Green(UPSC 2011)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : Internal Security

1. Human rights activists constantly highlight the view that the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is a draconian act leading to cases of human rights abuses by the security forces. What sections of AFSPA are opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with reference to the view held by the Apex Court.(UPSC 2015)
2. Religious indoctrination via digital media has resulted in Indian youth joining the ISIS. What is ISIS and its mission? How can ISIS be dangerous for the internal security of our country? (UPSC 2015)
3. The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements with Malkangiri and naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the left wing extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth.(UPSC 2015)
4. Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a "Digital Armed Force"to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation.(UPSC 2015)
5. The diverse nature of India as a multireligious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which has been in her neighbourhood. Discuss along with the strategies to be adopted to counter this environment.(UPSC 2014)
6. International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive severity over the airspace above the territory. What do you understand by airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggests ways to contain the threat.(UPSC 2014)
7. How illegal transborder migration does pose a threat to India's security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bring out the factors which give impetus to such migration.(UPSC 2014)
8. In 2012, the longitudinal marking of the high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65° East to 78° east in the Arabian Sea by International Maritime organisation. What impact does this have on India's maritime security concerns?(UPSC 2014)
9. China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an economic corridor. What thread does it dispose for India's security? Critically examine.(UPSC 2014)
10. Money laundering poses a serious threat to country's economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace?(UPSC 2013)
11. What are social networking site and what security implications do these sites present?(UPSC 2013)
12. Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.(UPSC 2013)
13. Article 244 of Indian Constitution relates to Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas.Analyze the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism.(UPSC 2013)
14. How far are India's internal security challenges linked with border management, particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar?(UPSC 2013)

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आत्मनिर्भर भारत के लिए नैतिक धन सृजन (डॉ कृष्णमूर्ति वी सुब्रमण्यन सुरभि जैन)
निर्यात रणनीति (डॉ अजय सहाय)
"जनधन, आधार व मोबाइल' तिकड़ी का कमाल (अंकिता शर्मा, हिंडोल सेनगुप्ता)
आत्मनिर्भर किसान (डॉ जगदीप सक्सेना)
ग्रामीण विकास (डॉ नकुल पराशर)
विशेष आलेख स्वास्थ्य में निवेश (डॉ मनीषा वर्मा सिद्धार्थ कुमार)
विनिर्माण में आत्मनिर्भरता (ऋषभ कृष्ण सक्सेना)
महात्मा गांधी की दृष्टि में आत्मनिर्भरता (डॉ डी पी सिंह मोनी सहाय)
स्वच्छ और स्मार्ट शहर (डॉ कृष्ण देव)
कोविड-19 से डिजिटल सुरक्षा (सौरभ गौड़, ऋचा रश्मि)
सत्यजित राय की फिल्में: शक्तिशाली पुरुष छवि की पड़ताल (डॉ देवजानी हाल्दार)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : Polity

Indian constitution exhibits centralising tendencies to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts. (UPSC 2020)
Which steps are required for constitutionalization of a commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons. (UPSC 2020)
The judicial systems in India and UK seem to be converging as well as diverging in the recent times. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two nations in terms of their judicial practices. (UPSC 2020)
“Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power.” In the light of this statement explain whether Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by expanding its amending power? (UPSC 2019)
What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism? 2019 6. India and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenants on which the two political systems are based. (UPSC 2018)
Under what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force? (UPSC 2018)
Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. (UPSC 2017)
Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the preamble. Are they defendable in the present circumstance’s stances? (UPSC 2016)
Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy.(UPSC 2015)
The concept of cooperative federalism has been increasingly emphasized in recent years.Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and the extent to which cooperative federalism would answer the shortcomings.(UPSC 2015)
In absence of a well-educated and organized local level government system, `Panchayats' and 'Samitis' have remained mainly political institutions and not effective instruments of governance. Critically discuss.(UPSC 2015)
Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and the judiciary to set the things right in this regard.(UPSC 2015)
Resorting to ordinances has always raised concern on violation of the spirit of separation of powers doctrine. While noting the rationales justifying the power to promulgate ordinances, analyze whether the decisions of the Supreme Court on the issue have further facilitated resorting to this power. Should the power to promulgate ordinances be repealed?(UPSC 2015)
What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through the recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India's dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss.(UPSC 2015)
Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex Court in this regard.(UPSC 2015)
Starting from inventing the 'basic structure' doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly proactive role in ensuring that India develops into a thriving democracy. In light of the statement, evaluate the role played by judicial activism in achieving the ideals of democracy.(UPSC 2014)
Though the federal principle is dominant in our Constitution and that principle is one of its basic features, but it is equally true that federalism under the Indian Constitution leans in favour of a strong Centre, a feature that militates against the concept of strong federalism. Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
The 'Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members' as envisaged in Article 105 of the Constitution leave room for a large number of un-codified and un-enumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal codification of the 'parliamentary privileges'. How can this problem be addressed?(UPSC 2014)
What do you understand by the concept "freedom of speech and expression"? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
Instances of President's delay in commuting death sentences has come under public debate as denial of justice. Should there be a time limit specified for the President to accept/reject such petitions? Analyse.(UPSC 2014)
The size of the cabinet should be as big as governmental work justifies and as big as the Prime Minister can manage as a team. How far the efficacy of a government then is inversely related to the size of the cabinet? Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti-defection law, which was legislated but with a different intention? (UPSC 2013)
Discuss Section 66A of IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution.(UPSC 2013)
Recent directives from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas are perceived by the `Nagas' as a threat to override the exceptional status enjoyed by the State. Discuss in light of Article 371A of the Indian Constitution.(UPSC 2013)
The Supreme Court of India keeps a check on arbitrary power of the Parliament in amending the Constitution.' Discuss critically.(UPSC 2013)
Many State Governments further bifurcate geographical administrative areas like Districts and Talukas for better governance. In light of the above, can it also be justified that more number of smaller States would bring in effective governance at State level? Discuss.(UPSC 2013)
Constitutional mechanisms to resolve the inter-state water disputes have failed to address and solve the problems. Is the failure due to structural or process inadequacy or both? Discuss. (UPSC 2013)
Discuss the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission which have been a departure from the previous commissions for strengthening the local government finances.(UPSC 2013)
What are the Rights within the ambit of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution?(UPSC 2012)
Comment on the significance of the Preamble contained in the Right to Information Act.(UPSC 2012)
Determining the 'value' assigned to the vote of a Member of a State Legislative Assembly and of a Member of Parliament in the Indian Presidential elections. (UPSC 2012)
'Essentially all that is contained in part IV-A of the Constitution is just a codification of tasks integral to the Indian way of life.' Critically examine this statement.(UPSC 2011)
'The exercise of executive clemency is not a privilege but is based on several principles, and discretion has to be exercised in public considerations.' Analyse this statements in the context of the judicial powers of the President of India. (UPSC 2011)
Evolution of 'Green Benches' in our higher judiciary.(UPSC 2011)
Distinction between 'Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees' and 'Parliamentary Forums (UPSC 2011)

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : Society

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UPSC MAINS TOPIC WISE PAPER : Society

Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue. (UPSC 2020)
Has caste lost its relevance in understanding the multi- cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations. (UPSC 2020)
“Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment. (UPSC 2018)
How the Indian concept of secularism is different from the western model of secularism? Discuss. (UPSC 2018)
‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation. Argue by giving suitable illustrations. (UPSC 2018)
The spirit tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate. (UPSC 2017)
Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India. (UPSC 2017)
In the context of diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint. (UPSC 2017)
What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence,addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)? (UPSC 2017)
Has the formation of linguistic States strengthened the cause of Indian Unity? (UPSC 2016)
Why are the tribals in India referred to as the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment. (UPSC 2016)
What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer. (UPSC 2016)
Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate. (UPSC 2015)
Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity.(UPSC 2015)
Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in India.(UPSC 2015)
How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?(UPSC 2015)
Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades.(UPSC 2015)
Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India.(UPSC 2015)
Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste.(UPSC 2015)
How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India?(UPSC 2014)
Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments.(UPSC 2014)
The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss.(UPSC 2014)
Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India.(UPSC 2014)
How do the Indian debates on secularism differ from the debates in the West?(UPSC 2014)
Discuss the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India.(UPSC 2013)
'Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women's organization free from gender bias. "Comment.(UPSC 2013)
Critically examine the effect of globalization on the aged population in India.(UPSC 2013)
Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in generation of demand for a separate State. Discuss.(UPSC 2013)
The Union Cabinet recently cleared the proposal to rename and amend the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986. What are the salient features of the proposed amendments?(UPSC 2012)
In the context of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, India has emerged as a hub of commercial surrogacy. What key biological, legal and ethical issues merit consideration while framing the regulation to govern surrogacy in India?(UPSC 2012)
Discuss the extent, causes, and implications of the 'nutrition transition' said to be underway in India.(UPSC 2011)
Bring out the salient features of the PCPNDT Act, 1994, and the implications of its amendment in 2003.(UPSC 2011)

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(Notification) UPSC Indian Economic Service/Indian Statistical Service Examination (IES/ISS), 2020

Notification) UPSC Indian Economic Service/Indian Statistical Service Examination, 2020

No.12/2/2019-E.I(B) : A combined competitive examination for recruitment to Junior Time Scale of the Indian Statistical Service will be held by the Union Public Service Commission commencing from 16th October, 2020 in accordance with the Rules published by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation in the Gazette of India dated the 10th June, 2020.

Post Details:

The Services to which recruitment is to be made on the results of this examination and the approximate number of vacancies in Junior Time Scale of the Services are given below :-

(i) Indian Statistical Service - 47

NOTE : 01 vacancy has been kept reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of Blindness or Low Vision.

Minimum Educational Qualifications :

A candidate for the Indian Statistical Service must have obtained a Bachelor's Degree with Statistics/Mathematical Statistics/Applied Statistics as one of the subject or a Master's degree in Statistics/Mathematical Statistics/Applied Statistics from a University incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other Educational Institutes established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or a Foreign University approved by the Central Government from time to time.

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Content Table

Ethical Wealth Creation for a Self-Reliant India (Dr Krishnamurthy V Subramanian Surbhi Jain)
Export Strategy (Dr Ajay Sahai)
Jam Trinity (Ankita Sharma, Hindol Sengupta)
Making Farmers Self-Reliant (Dr Jagdeep Saxena)
Rural Development (Dr Nakul Parashar)
Resilient Health Systems (Dr Manisha Verma Siddhartha Kumar)
Effective Reasource Management
Harnessing Skills of Incoming Migrants (Rajeev Kumar)
Improving Livelihood Opportunities (Shipra Saxena, Narendra Singh Chouhan)
Ganthiji's Approach of Self-Reliance (Dr D P Singh, Moni Sahay)
Swachh and Smart Cities (Dr Krishna Dev)
Digital Defence Against COVID-19 (Saurabh Gaur Richa Rashmi)
Technology and Learning (Dr Abhay Kumar)
Satyajit Ray's Films: Deconstruction of Men and Masculinities (Dr Debjani Halder)