UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Telugu (Literature)

::Paper – 1::

(Answers must be written in Telugu)

Section "A"

1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity—Etymological History of Telugu,Tenugu and Andhra.
2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.
3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.
4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.
5. Modernization of Telugu language :

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.
(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News-papers, Radio, TV etc.)
(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical.

6. Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and problems of Standardization.
7. Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, complex and compound sentences—Noun and verb predications—Processes of nominalization and relativization—Direct and indirect reportingconversion processes.
8. Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—Methods of translation—Approaches to translation—Literary and other kinds of translation—Various uses of translation.

Section "B"

Literature

1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry.
2. Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.
3. Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.
4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.
5. Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.
6. Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution.
7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, ramadasu, tyagayya.
8. Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha.
9. Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and women poetsLiterary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.
10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.
11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.
12. Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature.
13. Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Sindhi (Literature)

::Paper – 1::

(Answers must be written in Sindhi)

(Arabic or Devanagari Script)

Section "A"

1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language—views of different scholars.
(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology and syntax.
(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.
(d) Sindhi vocabulary—stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods.
(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.
(f) Changesin the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages and social conditions.

Section "B"

2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods :
(a) Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature.
(b) Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.
(c) Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.
(d) Modern period from 1947 and onwards.
(Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature andexperiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs and travelogues.)

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Statistics (Optional)

::Paper – 1::

1. Probability :

• Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function.
• distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in path mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine’s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroffs theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.

2. Statistical Inference:

• Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single Parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chisquare and modified minimum chisquare, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.
• Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio: similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single paramet likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.
• Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signedranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-MannWhitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.
• Wald’s SPRT and its properties, Oc and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.

3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis :

• Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in oneway, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis’s D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.

4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments :

• An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, propability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy, cluster sampling, twostage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the HorvitzThompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the HorvitzThompson estimator, non-sampling errors. 
• Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and 24 and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus : Russian Optional

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in Russian except in the case of question regarding translation from Russian to English. (Language and Culture)

Section-A

• Modern Russian Language : Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexicology, Lexicography and Semantics, linguistics
• Translation from Russian into English and vice-versa.

Section-B

• Socio-political and economical development of the Russian Federation : Patriotic war of 1812, October Revolution, Perestroika and Glasnost, disintegration
  of USSR. Regional & Cultural variations of the Russian Federation.
• Essay on general topics.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Public Administration (Optional)

::Paper – 1::

Administration Theory

1. Introduction :

Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management.

2. Administrative Thought :

Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.)

3. Administrative Behaviour :

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:

4. Organisations :

Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships.

5. Accountability and Control :

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

6. Administrative Law :

Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.

7. Comparative Public Administration :

Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their critique.

8. Development Dynamics :

Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help group movement.

9. Personnel Administration :

Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and service conditions; employeremployee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.

10. Public Policy :

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.

11. Techniques of Adminstrative Improvement :

Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

12. Financial Administration :

Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Political Science and International Relations (Optional)

::Paper – 1::

Political Theory and Indian Politics :

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.
2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, post-colonial and Feminist.
3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques.
4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.
5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights.
6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—representative, participatory and deliberative.
7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.
8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.
9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.
10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.

Indian Government and Politics

1. Indian Nationalism :

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Noncooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers Movements.

(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and Dalit.

2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the British rule; different social and political perspectives.

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and High Courts.

5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.

7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms.

9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.

10. Party System : National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of Legislators.

11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist movements.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Philosophy (Optional)

::Paper – 1::

History and Problems of Philosophy

1. Plato and Aristotle : Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.
2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.
3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.
4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God.
5. Hegel : Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism.
6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and Showing.
7. Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.
8. Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.
9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.
10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.
11. Quine and Strawson : Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.
12. Carvaka : Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.
13. Jainism : Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation.
14. Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.
15. Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.
16. Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.
17. Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.
18. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowlegde.
19. Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.
20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

(GIST OF YOJANA) Development Through Digitization

[JUNE-2018]

Development Through Digitization

The world is getting digitized at a rapid pace in all aspects be it enterprises making products and selling them, humans transacting their daily lives and governments delivering social services to their citizens. The astronomical pace of digital data generation, dropping costs of data storage and compute infrastructure have enabled digitalisation at unprecedented levels which is now being termed as the 4th Industrial Revolution. Government of India and various State Governments have identified the transformational potential of Digital India and have started proactive adoption of these technologies.

In the last few years, governance in India across sectors has been redefined through business process reengineering, technology and data analytics. Technology is reshaping the way government is designing and implementing programmes. The use of technology has brought in better systems, greater efficiency and is beginning to have profound impact on governance.

The government launched several major and minor e-governance and digitalization programmmes which were all later brought into the fold of “Digital India” programme. After the launch of 31 Mission Mode Projects under e-Kranti: National e-Governance Plan 2.0, due to growing adoption of new platforms such as “mobile” and “cloud”, a need was felt to reorient the Digital India Programme with the vision of “Transforming e-Governance for Transforming Governance”. All e-Governance projects now follow the key principles of e-Kranti namely ‘Transformation and not Translation’, ‘Integrated Services and not Individual Services’, ‘Government Process Reengineering (GPR) to be mandatory in every MMP’, ‘ICT Infrastructure on Demand’, ‘Cloud by Default’, ‘Mobile First’, ‘Fast Tracking Approvals’, ‘Mandating Standards and Protocols’, ‘Language Localization’, ‘National GIS (Geo-Spatial Information System)’, ‘Security and Electronic Data Preservation’.

Leading the Way in Financial inclusion

This is in stark contrast to how the governments worked before. During my tenure in Kerala, I got a unique opportunity to work in the fisheries sector. The task was to improve the livelihood of traditional fishermen. The sector was riddled with middlemen, and fishermen were getting only 25 per cent of the market price of fish.
The government formed self-help groups and provided them with new technology: fibreglass crafts, outboard motors and fishing nets to enhance P their productivity. Beach-level auctions were introduced so that earnings from their daily catch could be deposited in their bank accounts. The biggest challenge was to get bank accounts opened for the fishermen. It took us 10 months of chasing physical banks and bank managers to get this done. The process of ‘Know Your Customer’ (KYC) was a nightmare.

The JAM (Jan Dhan – Aadhaar – Mobile) trinity forms the basic data infrastructure for the India Stack services consisting of e-KYC, eSign, instantaneous payments (UPI) and file storage (Digilocker). It has been the single largest factor for expansion of financial inclusion across the world. According to the Global Findex Report 2017 released by World Bank, a whopping 55 per cent of all bank accounts created during 2014-17 were opened in India. Through the Jan Dhan Yojana, which has led to opening of more than 31 crore new bank accounts so far since 2014, the proportion of Indian adults with bank accounts has increased from 53 per cent in 2014 to 80 per cent in 2017 now.

Public Finance and Public Procurement going Digital

The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) has led to the creation of a financial management platform for all plan schemes, a database of all recipient agencies, integration with core banking solution of banks, integration of state treasurers and tracking of fund flow to the lowest tier of implementation of plan schemes on real-time basis. PFMS has also led to just-in-time release of funds and efficient management in the use of funds, including ultimate utilisation. On March 28, Rs 72,000 or was digitally transacted through the PF MS portal for 98 lakh transactions. This is a record of number of digital transactions processed in a single day.

In 2016, Government e-Marketplace (GeM) was launched for single-window online procurement of commonly used, small-value goods and services. The Central Public Procurement Portal facilitates e-procurement for larger-value items (Rs 0.2 million or higher). GeM enables direct purchase, e-bidding, reverse e-auctions, online registration facilities for government users, product sellers, and service providers and provides a market place for government purchase. As of April this year, there are already over 22000 government buyers, over 1 lakh sellers and service providers, 2.31 lakh listed products with cumulative transactions worth Rs. 6500 more. 44 per cent of these procurements have been made from MSMEs.

Study Material for IAS (UPSC) Pre 2018

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Odia (Literature)

::Paper – 1::

(Answers must be written in Odia)

Section "A"

History of Odia Language

(i) Origin and development of Odia Language—Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso— Arabic and English on Odia Language.
(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Odia sounds.
(iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.
(iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences.
(v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism.
(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.
(vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, Southern and Northern Odia) and Dialects (Bhatri and Desia).

Section "B"

History of Odia Literature

(i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Odia Literature of different periods.
(ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.
(iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).
(iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay and literary criticism.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus : Persian Optional

PAPER-I

There will be two questions which must be answered in Persian. The remaining questions must be answered either in Persian or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section-A

1. (a) Description of the origin and development of Persian language (to be answered in Persian).

(b) Applied Grammar, Rhetorics, Prosody, Idioms and Phrases frequently used.

• Grammar : Ism and its kinds, Zamir-e- Muttasil and Munfasil, Murakkabi-Tausifi, Murakkab-i-Izafi, Ismi-Ishara, Musharun Elaih, Fel and its kinds, Tenses, Gardan, singular and plural, Jumleh and its kinds.
• Rhetorics : Tajnees, Ishteqaq, Luzumma- la-yalzum, seyaqatul Aadad, Qalb, Tarsee, Esteaara, Maratun Nazir, Laff-o- Nashr, Iham, Husn-i-Taalil, Tajahuli-
  Aarefaneh, Talmih, Tansiqus Sifat.
• Prosody : Bahri-Muzara, Ramal, Mutaqarib, Tawil, Hazaj, Kamil.

Secton-B

1. Short essay in Persian-250 words (to be answered in Persian).

2. History of Persian Literature in Iran and India; Literary criticism and styles; trends in classical and modern literature; sociocultural influences, development of modern literary genres including drama, novel, short story.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Mechanical Engineering (Optional)

::Paper – 1::

1. Mechanics :

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :

• Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics.

1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies :

• Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure.

2.Engineering Materials :

• Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-materials.

3.Theory of Machines :

• Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts.

4. Manufacturing Science :

4.1 Manufacturing Process:

• Machine tool engineering - Merhant’s force analysis: Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures. 
• Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.; application of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations.
• Forming and welding processes-standard processes.
• Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and guages; comparators; inspection of length; position; profile and surface finish.

4.2 Manufacturing Management :

• System design: factory location—simple OR models; plant layout-methods based; applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning; predetermined time standards.
• System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and blancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management-probablistic inventory models for order time and order quanitity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics.
• System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organizations and risks in projects.
• System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile Organizations.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Marathi (Literature)

::Paper – 1::

(Answers must be written in Marathi)

Section "A"

Language and Folk-lore

(a) Nature and Functions of Language
(with reference to Marathi)

Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic Language; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.

Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.

(b) Dialects of Marathi

• Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi.

(c) Marathi Grammar

• Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice).

(d) Nature and kinds of Folk-lore
(with special reference to Marathi)

• Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya.

Section "B"

(History of Literature and Literary Criticism)

(a) History of Marathi Literature

1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar Literature.
2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms : Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit, Gramin, Feminist.

(b) Literary Criticism

1. Nature and function of Literature;
2. Evaluation of Literature;
3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;
4. Literature, Culture and Society.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Management (Optional)

The candidate should make a study of the concept of development of Management as science and art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management and apply the concepts to the real life of government and business decision-making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative environment.

::Paper – 1::

1. Managerial Function and Process :

• Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions— Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain.

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design :

• Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes—personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of Organization behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; The Organizational Processes—decision-making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory and design—Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization; Organizational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations.

3. Human Resource Management :

• HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and bnenefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human resource management.

4. Accounting for Managers :

• Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurment of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, imporance and scope; Cost accounting—records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration bwtween financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decisionmaking, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing.

5. Financial Management :

• Goal of Finance Function. Concepts of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of working capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector.

6. Marketing Management :

• Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzing competition; Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Malayalam (Literature)

::Paper – 1::

(Answers must be written in Malayalam)

Section "A"

1—Early phase of Malayalam Language :

• 1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.
• 1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of A. R. Rajarajavarma.
• 1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works—Niranam works and Krishnagatha.

2—Linguistic features of :

• 2.1 Manipravalam—definition. Language of early manipravala works—Champu, Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava, minor works. Later manipravala works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha.
• 2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.
• 2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and Nambiantamil.

3—Standardisation of Malayalam :

• 3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal.
• 3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.
• 3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language. Language of scientific and technical literature—media language.

Section "B"

Literary History

4—Ancient and Medieval Literature :

• 4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha.
• 4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.
• 4.3 Folk Literature.
• 4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.

5—Modern Literature—Poetry :

• 5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries.
• 5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol.
• 5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya.
• 5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry.

6—Modern Literature—Prose :

• 6.1 Drama.
• 6.2 Novel.
• 6.3 Short story.
• 6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit

UPSC Mains Exam Syllabus - Kashmiri (Literature)

::Paper – 1::

(Answers must be written in Kashmiri)

Section "A"

1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.

2. Areas of occurence and dialects (geographical/social)

3. Phonology and grammar:

i. Vowel and consonant system;
ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;
iii. Verbs: various types and tenses.

4. Syntactic structure:

i. Simple, active and declarative statements;
ii. Coordination;
iii. Relativisation.
 

Section "B"

1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to Lal Dyad and Sheikhul Alam).

2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres : vatsun; ghazal and mathnavi.

3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various literary influences).

4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special reference to the development of the short story, drama, novel and nazm).

IAS Mains General Studies Study Kit