Overview

• Conventional sources of energy contribute about 67% of India’s power production

The mainland of India, extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanniyakumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west. India’s territorial limit further extends towards the sea upto 12 nauticalmiles (about 21.9 km) from the coast. (See the box for conversion).

NUCLEAR ENERGY IN INDIA

Overview

• Nuclear energy contributes about 4.1% of power generation in India. The share of nuclear energy is expected to reach 9% by 2035
• Currently, there are 6 nuclear power plants generating about 4120 MW Power Station

Overview

• India has an installed power generation capacity of 155,000 MW
• The total demand for power is expected to cross 950,000MWby 2030
• The government plans to add about 78,000 MWof installed generation capacity by 2012

HYDRO POWER IN INDIA

Overview:

• India has one of the world’s largest potential for hydro electric power. The hydro power potential in India is around 84,000 MW at 60% load factor (installed capacity 148,000 MW). However, less than 20% of this has been harnessed so far.

An adjunct of Delhi, Daryana practically remained anonymous until the First War of India’s independence in 1857. After the British crushed the rebellion, they deprived the Nawabs of Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh, the Raja of Ballabgarh and Rao Tula Ram of Rewari in Haryana region, of their territories. These were either merged with British territories or handed over to the rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind, making Haryana a part of the Punjab province. With the reorganization of Punjab on 1 November 1956. Haryana was born as a fullfledged state. Strategically located, Haryana is bounded by Uttar Pradesh I the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the North, and Rajasthan in the south. The National Capital of Delhi juts into Haryana. With just 1.37 per cent of the total geographical area and less than two percent of India’s population, Haryana has carved a place of distinction for itself. Whether it is agriculture or industry, canal irrigation or rural electrification, Haryana keeps marching towards modernity. The state enjoys the unique distinction of being among the first to provide electricity, metalled roads and portable drinking water to all its villagers. Ranked among the most prosperous states in India, Haryana has the second highest per capita income in the country, after Goa.

ANDHRA PRADESH

HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY

The earliest mention of the Andhras is said to be Aitereya Brahmana (2000BC). It indicates that the Andhras, originally an Aryan race living in north India migrated to south of the Vindhyas and later mixed with non-Aryans. Regular history of Andhra Desa, according to historians, begins with 236 BC, the year of Ashoka’s death. During the following centuries, Satavahanas, Sakas, Ikshvakus, Eastern Chalukyas, and Kakatiyas ruled the Telugu country. Other dynasties that ruled over the area in succession were the kingdoms of Vijayanagar and Qutub Shahi followed by Mir Qumruddin and his successors, known as the Nizams. Gradually, from the 17th century onwards, the British annexed territories of the Nizam and constituted the single province of Madras. After Independence, Telugu-speaking areas were separated from the composite Madras Presidency and a new Andhra State came into being on 1 October 1953. with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, there was a merger of Hyderabad State and Andhra State, and consequently Andhra Pradesh came into being on 1 November 1956.

“India is the cradle of the human race, the irthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grand mother of legend and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only.”-Mark Twain

MANUFACTURING CENTERS

West Bengal

Bengal Iron Work company

COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The oldest and the largest organised modern industry of India.

MANUFACTURING CENTRES

• Mumbai largest centre.
• Other centres: Nagpur, Amravati,Wardha, Jalgaon, Aurangabad, Pune, Satara, Solapur, and Kolhapur.

Gujarat

• Ahmedabad Second largest centre after Mumbai.
• Otrher centres: Porbandar, Rajkot, Vadodara Surat.

Madhya Pradesh

• Bhopal, Indore, Dewas, Ujjain, Ratlam, Gwalior, Jabalpur etc.

Tamil Nadu

• Coimbatore. (Most importatn centre) Other centres - Chennai, Perambur, Salem, Tiruchirapalli,  Madurai, Tirunelvelli, Tuticorin, etc.

West Bengal

• Kolkata (most important centre).
• Other centres: Howrah, Serampur, Murshidabad, etc.

Uttar Pradesh

• Kanpur (largest centre). Other centres: Varanasi, Mirzapur, Lucknow, Agra, Modinagar, Saharanpur etc.

Rajasthan

• Jaipur, Pali, Bhilwara, Kota, Udaipur, Ganganagar.

Karnataka

• Bangalore, Mysore, Mangalore, Chitradurga, Belgaum.

Orissa

• Cuttack.

Punjab

• Amritsar, Dhariwal, Phagwara, Ludhiana.

Kerala

• Thiruvananthapuram, Alleppey.

Bihar

• Patna, Gaya, Bhagalpur.

Andhra Pradesh

• Hyderabad, Secundarabad, Rajamundry, East Godavari and Udayagiri.

River Valley Projects

• Read more about (IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - Indian Geography Physical: India Physical (Part -3)

THE PURVANCHAL

(The North Eastern Highland)

• The Himalaya range after crossing the Dihang gorge in the east, bends southwards, forming a series of hills in north south trend.
• They are divided into six physiographic region-Purvu-NEFA (Mishmi hills, Patkai Bum), Nagaland, the Manipur Hills, North Cachar Hills, Mizo Hills and the Tripura Hills.

PURVU NEPA

(i) Mishmi Hills

• The highest range of Purvanchal Hills which is situated in the north-eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh.

(ii) Patkai Bum

• A synclinal range extending north-south in Arunchal Pradesh and Nagaland.

NAGA RANGES

• Forms the Watershed between Nagaland and Myanmar.

MANIPUR HILLS

• Characterised by ridge and valley type of topography.
• Loktak lake (centripetal drainage) is situated in this hill.

NORTH CACHAR HILLS

• Larger portion of hilly belt lying between Meghalaya and the North eastern ranges.

MIZO HILLS

• Previously known as Lushai Hills
• Characterised by cuesta type of topography.

Physiographic Regions

• Read more about (IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - Indian Geography Physical: India Physical (Part -2)

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